List of flood basalt provinces


Representative continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus, together forming a listing of large igneous provinces:
EraPeriodEpochAgeStart, myaEventNotes
CenozoicQuaternaryHolocene0.0117
CenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneUpper0.126
CenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneMiddle0.781Australasian strewnfield
Lake Bosumtwi		Brunhes–Matuyama reversal
Jaramillo reversal
CenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneCalabrian1.806*Olduvai reversal
CenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneGelasian2.588*Chilcotin Plateau BasaltsIce age
Gauss-Matuyama reversal
CenozoicNeogenePliocenePiacenzian/Blancan3.600*Gilbert-Gauss geomagnetic reversal
CenozoicNeogenePlioceneZanclean5.333*Zanclean flood
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneMessinian7.246*Chilcotin Plateau Basalts
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneTortonian11.62*
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneSerravallian13.82*
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneLanghian15.97M. Miocene disruption
Columbia River Basalt Group
Chilcotin Plateau Basalts		Increased Antarctic deep waters
Yellowstone hotspot
Nördlinger Ries
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneBurdigalian20.44
CenozoicNeogeneMioceneAquitanian23.03*Shield volcanoes of EthiopiaAntarctic ice sheet complete
CenozoicPaleogeneOligoceneChattian28.1Ethiopian and Yemen traps Fish Canyon Tuff
CenozoicPaleogeneOligoceneRupelian33.9*Chesapeake Bay impact crater Antarctic ice sheet expands
Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
CenozoicPaleogeneEocenePriabonian38.0-
CenozoicPaleogeneEoceneBartonian41.3
CenozoicPaleogeneEoceneLutetian47.8*Antarctic ice sheet begins
CenozoicPaleogeneEoceneYpresian56.0*N. Atlantic IP Phase II
CenozoicPaleogenePaleoceneThanetian59.2*
CenozoicPaleogenePaleoceneSelandian61.6*N. Atlantic IP

Iceland hotspot

CenozoicPaleogenePaleoceneDanian65.5 ± 0.3*Chicxulub Crater
Deccan Traps 		Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Shiva crater
MesozoicCretaceousUpperMaastrichtian72.1 ± 0.2*
MesozoicCretaceousUpperCampanian83.6 ± 0.2Caribbean lIP
Caribbean lIP
MesozoicCretaceousUpperSantonian86.3 ± 0.5
MesozoicCretaceousUpperConiacian89.8 ± 0.3High Arctic LIP
Caribbean lIP
Ontong Java Plateau
Galápagos hotspot
MesozoicCretaceousUpperTuronian93.5 ± 0.8*Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event
Madagascar flood basalt
MesozoicCretaceousUpperCenomanian100.5*
MesozoicCretaceousLowerAlbianc. 113.0Kerguelen Plateau
Rajmahal Traps 		Kerguelen hotspot
MesozoicCretaceousLowerAptianc. 125.0Selli Event
Ontong Java Plateau
Louisville hotspot
MesozoicCretaceousLowerBarremianc. 129.4High Arctic LIP
MesozoicCretaceousLowerHauterivianc. 132.9
MesozoicCretaceousLowerValanginianc. 139.8Paraná and Etendeka traps Tristan hotspot
MesozoicCretaceousLowerBerriasianc. 145.0Glaciations
End-Jurassic extinction
MesozoicJurassicUpperTithonian152.1 ± 0.9
MesozoicJurassicUpperKimmeridgian157.3 ± 1.0
MesozoicJurassicUpperOxfordian163.5 ± 1.0
MesozoicJurassicMiddleCallovian166.1 ± 1.2
MesozoicJurassicMiddleBathonian168.3 ± 1.3*
MesozoicJurassicMiddleBajocian170.3 ± 1.4*
MesozoicJurassicMiddleAalenian174.1 ± 1.0*
MesozoicJurassicLowerToarcian182.7 ± 0.7early Toarcian anoxic event
Karoo-Ferrar 		Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction
Formed as Gondwana broke up
MesozoicJurassicLowerPliensbachian190.8 ± 1.0*
MesozoicJurassicLowerSinemurian199.3 ± 0.3*C. Atlantic magmatic province
MesozoicJurassicLowerHettangian201.3 ± 0.2*Central Atlantic magmatic province Formed as Pangea broke up
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
MesozoicTriassicUpperRhaetianc. 208.5
MesozoicTriassicUpperNorianc. 228Wrangellia flood basalts
MesozoicTriassicUpperCarnianc. 235*
MesozoicTriassicMiddleLadinianc. 242*
MesozoicTriassicMiddleAnisian247.2
MesozoicTriassicLowerOlenekian251.2
MesozoicTriassicLowerInduan252.2 ± 0.5*Siberian Traps Permian–Triassic extinction event
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingian254.2 ± 0.1*
PaleozoicPermianLopingianWuchiapingian259.9 ± 0.4*Emeishan Traps end-Capitanian/Guadalupian Extinction
PaleozoicPermianGuadalupianCapitanian265.1 ± 0.4*
PaleozoicPermianGuadalupianWordian/Kazanian268.8 ± 0.5*
PaleozoicPermianGuadalupianRoadian/Ufimian272.3 ± 0.5*Olson's Extinction
Late Devonian extinction
PaleozoicPermianCisuralianKungurian279.3 ± 0.6
PaleozoicPermianCisuralianArtinskian290.1 ± 0.1
PaleozoicPermianCisuralianSakmarian295.5 ± 0.4
PaleozoicPermianCisuralianAsselian298.9 ± 0.2*Skagerrak-Centered LIP Pangaea
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Pennsyl-
vanian		UpperGzhelian303.7 ± 0.1
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Pennsyl-
vanian		UpperKasimovian307.0 ± 0.1Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Pennsyl-
vanian		MiddleMoscovian315.2 ± 0.2
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Pennsyl-
vanian		LowerBashkirian323.2 ± 0.4*
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Missis-
sippian		UpperSerpukhovian330.9 ± 0.2
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Missis-
sippian		MiddleViséan346.7 ± 0.4*
PaleozoicCarbon-
iferous/
Missis-
sippian		LowerTournaisian358.9 ± 0.4*Hangenberg event Late Devonian extinction
PaleozoicDevonianUpperFamennian372.2 ± 1.6*Kellwasser_event
Viluy traps 		Late Devonian extinction
PaleozoicDevonianUpperFrasnian382.7 ± 1.6*
PaleozoicDevonianMiddleGivetian387.7 ± 0.8*
PaleozoicDevonianMiddleEifelian393.3 ± 1.2*
PaleozoicDevonianLowerEmsian407.6 ± 2.6*
PaleozoicDevonianLowerPragian410.8 ± 2.8*
PaleozoicDevonianLowerLochkovian419.2 ± 3.2*
PaleozoicSilurianPridoli423.0 ± 2.3*Lau event
PaleozoicSilurianLudlow/CayuganLudfordian425.6 ± 0.9*
PaleozoicSilurianLudlow/CayuganGorstian427.4 ± 0.5*Mulde event
PaleozoicSilurianWenlockHomerian/Lockportian430.5 ± 0.7*
PaleozoicSilurianWenlockSheinwoodian/Tonawandan433.4 ± 0.8*Ireviken event
PaleozoicSilurianLlandovery/
Alexandrian		Telychian/Ontarian438.5 ± 1.1*
PaleozoicSilurianLlandovery/
Alexandrian		Aeronian440.8 ± 1.2*
PaleozoicSilurianLlandovery/
Alexandrian		Rhuddanian443.4 ± 1.5*Ordovician–Silurian extinction event
PaleozoicOrdovicianUpperHirnantian445.2 ± 1.4*Pre-Devonian Traps
PaleozoicOrdovicianUpperKatian453.0 ± 0.7*
PaleozoicOrdovicianUpperSandbian458.4 ± 0.9*
PaleozoicOrdovicianMiddleDarriwilian467.3 ± 1.1*
PaleozoicOrdovicianMiddleDapingian470.0 ± 1.4*
PaleozoicOrdovicianLowerFloian
477.7 ± 1.4*
PaleozoicOrdovicianLowerTremadocian485.4 ± 1.9*
PaleozoicCambrianFurongianStage 10c. 489.5Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event
PaleozoicCambrianFurongianJiangshanianc. 494*
PaleozoicCambrianFurongianPaibianc. 497*
PaleozoicCambrianSeries 3Guzhangianc. 500.5*
PaleozoicCambrianSeries 3Drumianc. 504.5*
PaleozoicCambrianSeries 3Stage 5c. 509
PaleozoicCambrianSeries 2Stage 4c. 514
PaleozoicCambrianSeries 2Stage 3c. 521
PaleozoicCambrianTerreneuvianStage 2c. 529Cambrian explosion
PaleozoicCambrianTerreneuvianFortunian541.0 ± 1.0*End-Ediacaran extinction
Neo-
proterozoic		Ediacaranc. 635*Long Range dikes formed as Iapetus Ocean began
Neo-
proterozoic		Cryogenian850Franklin LIP Snowball Earth
Neo-
proterozoic		Tonian1000Warakurna LIP
Meso-
proterozoic		Stenian1200Midcontinent Rift System
Mackenzie LIP 		Rodinia
Meso-
proterozoic		Ectasian1400
Meso-
proterozoic		Calymmian1600
Paleo-
proterozoic		Statherian1800Circum-Superior Belt
Winagami sill complex
Paleo-
proterozoic		Orosirian2050Kapuskasing and Marathon dike swarm
Fort Frances dike swarm
Vredefort crater
Paleo-
proterozoic		Rhyacian2300Ungava magmatic eventHuronian glaciation
Paleo-
proterozoic		Siderian2500Matachewan dike swarm
Mistassini dike swarm 		Great Oxygenation Event
Neoarchean2800
Mesoarchean3200
Paleoarchean3600Kaapvaal craton Vaalbara
Eoarchean
Early Imbrianc. 3850
Nectarianc. 3920lunar basins form
Basin Groupsc. 4150Acasta GneissLate Heavy Bombardment
Crypticc. 4600Oldest minerals. Earth surface solidifies.

Footnotes