List of former transcontinental countries
This is a list of transcontinental former countries, i.e. countries which covered land on two or more continents, including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based. The examples below are listed in chronological order with the number of continents covered in parentheses and the country's primary continent listed first. When a timespan is included, it is the time period in which the country was transcontinental.
BC
- Ancient Egyptian Empire – Africa, Asia,
- * Hyksos – Asia, Africa
- * Kingdom of Kush – Africa, Asia
- Sabaeans – Asia, Africa
- Cimmerians – Europe, Asia :Image:CAUC20EARLIEST.jpg|
- Assyria – Asia, Africa :Image:Map of Assyria.png|
- Neo-Babylonian Empire – Asia, Africa
- Achaemenid Empire – Asia, Europe, Africa :Image:Achaemenid Empire.jpg|
- Carthage – Africa, Europe
- Alexander the Great – Europe, Asia, Africa :Image:MacedonEmpire.jpg|
- Ptolemaic Kingdom – Africa, Asia, :Image:Diadochen1.png| Europe Ptolemy I Soter#Successor of Alexander|
- Lysimachian Kingdom – Europe, Asia :Image:Diadochen1.png|
- Seleucid Empire – Asia, Europe
- Roman Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa :Image:LocationRomanEmpire.png|
AD 1–AD 500
- Sarmatians – Europe, Asia :Image:1729.jpg|
- Kingdom of Aksum – Africa, Asia:Image:LocationAksumiteEmpire.png|
- Himyarite Kingdom – Asia, Africa
- Palmyrene Empire – Asia, Africa
- Hunnic Empire – Europe, Asia :Image:Huns empire.png|
- Byzantine Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa :Image:EasternRomanEmpire.png|
- Western Roman Empire – Europe, Africa :Image:Extent of Western Roman Empire 395.png|
- Vandals – Europe, Africa :Image:Invasions of the Roman Empire 1.png|
- Srivijaya Empire – Asia, Oceania, Africa
- Ostrogoths – Europe, Africa
500–1000
- Sabirs – Europe, Asia
- Sassanid Empire – Asia, Africa, Europe :Image:Sassanid-empire-610CE.png|
- Göktürks – Asia, Europe :Image:Gokturkut.png|
- Islamic Caliphate
- * Rashidun Caliphate – Asia, Africa :Image:Rashidmap.gif|
- * Umayyad Caliphate – Asia, Africa, Europe :Image:Age of Caliphs.png|
- * Abbasid Caliphate – Asia, Africa, Europe
- Alanian Empire – Europe, Asia :Image:Khazar0.png|
- Khazar Empire – Europe, Asia
- Emirate of Córdoba – Europe, Africa
- Pechenegs – Europe, Asia :Image:Khazarfall1.png|
- Sailendra – Asia, Oceania
- Kingdom of Kakheti – Asia, Europe :Image:Georgia map 830-1020.gif|
- Kingdom of Abkhazia – Asia, Europe :Image:Georgia map 830-1020.gif|
- Aghlabid Emirate – Africa, Europe
- Tulunid Emirate – Africa, Asia :Image:Tulunid Emirate 868 - 905.PNG|
- Sajid Emirate of Azerbaijan – Asia, Europe
- Fatimid Caliphate – Africa, Asia, :Image:Fatimids Empire 909 - 1171.PNG| Europe Emirate of Sicily#The Emirate of Sicily|
- Rus – Europe, Asia :Image:Rus Caspian.png|
- Caliphate of Córdoba – Europe, Africa
- Ikhshidids – Africa, Asia :Image:Ikhshidid Dynasty 935 - 969.PNG|
1000–1450
- Sallarid Emirate of Azerbaijan – Asia, Europe
- Kalbid Emirate of Sicily – Europe, Africa
- Georgian Empire – Asia, Europe :Image:Geor david.gif|
- Almoravid Empire – Africa, Europe :Image:Almoravid-empire-en.svg|
- Seljuqs – Asia, Europe :Image:Seldschuken-Reich-map.png|
- Pisa – Europe, Asia, Africa Pisa#11th century|
- Kediri Empire – Asia, Oceania :Image:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|
- Chola Empire – Asia, Oceania :Image:LocationChola empire sm.png|
- Kingdom of Sicily – Europe, Africa
- Almohad Empire – Africa, Europe
- Kingdom of Jerusalem – Asia, Africa Amalric I of Jerusalem#Invasions of Egypt|
- Ayyubid Caliphate – Asia, Africa :Image:Ayyubid.png|
- Shirvanshah Empire – Asia, Europe
- Latin Empire – Europe, Asia :Image:LatinEmpire.png|
- Venice – Europe, Asia :Image:LatinEmpire.png|
- Second Bulgarian Empire – Europe, Asia :Image:2nd Bulgarian empire map LOC.jpg|
- Khwarezmian Empire – Asia, Europe
- Mongol Empire – Asia, Europe :Image:Mongol dominions1.jpg|
- Golden Horde – Europe, Asia :Image:Golden Horde 1389.svg|
- Empire of Nicaea – Asia, Europe :Image:Epir1252-1315.png|
- Mamluk Empire – Africa, Asia
- Majapahit Empire – Asia, Oceania :Image:Majapahit Empire.svg|
- Ilkhanate – Asia, Europe
- Genoese Empire – Europe, Asia:Image:Eastern Mediterranean 1450.svg|
- Aragonese Empire – Europe, Africa Malta#Early settlements of Malta|:Image:Aragonese Empire.PNG|
- Marinid Sultanate – Africa, Europe :Image:Marinid dynasty 1258 - 1420.PNG|
- Ottoman Empire – Asia, Europe, Africa :Image:Ottoman 1683.png|
- Buginese Empire – Oceania Asia
- Timurid Empire82 – Asia, Europe
- Nogai Horde Empire – Asia, Europe
- Castilian Empire – Europe, Africa Canary Islands#Spanish conquest|
- Kara Koyunlu Empire – Asia, Europe :Image:Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468.PNG|
- Kingdom of Norway – Europe, North America :Image:Norwegian Hereditary Empire excluding Greenland.PNG|
1450–1700
- Portuguese Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania :Image:Portuguese empire.png|:Image:Portugal XVIII.png|
- Mahra Sultanate – Asia, Africa Socotra#History|
- Spanish Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania :Image:Spanish Overseas Empire And European Realms Anachronous.png|:Image:Spanish Empire.png|
- Kingdom of Denmark-Norway – Europe, Asia, North America, Africa History of Greenland#Colonization and exploration|
- German Empire – Europe, South America, German colonization of the Americas| Asia, German colonial empire#History| Africa Kingdom of Sicily#Angevin and Aragonese kingdoms|
- Iberian Union Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania :Image:Spanish Empire.png|
- British Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America,Oceania. :Image:British Empire 1897.jpg|:Image:BritishEmpire1921.png|
- Dutch Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania :Image:DutchEmpire.png|
- French Empire – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania :Image:Anachronous map of the All French Empire.png|
- Scotland – Europe, North America Scottish colonization of the Americas|
- Swedish Empire – Europe, North America, :Image:Nya Sverige.png| Saint-Barthélemy#History| Africa Swedish Gold Coast|
- Courland – Europe, Africa, South America Courland colonization|
- Knights of Malta – Europe, Africa, North America
- Brandenburg-Prussia – Europe, Africa, Brandenburger Gold Coast|Arguin| North America German colonial empire#History|
Since 1700
- British Empire – Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, Antarctica
- Omani Empire – Asia, Africa
- Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia – Europe, Africa
- Russian Empire – Europe, Asia, North America :Image:Imperio Ruso.PNG|
- United States of America – North America, Africa, Tristan da Cunha#History| Asia, Oceania, South America :Image:GreaterAmericaMap.jpg|Panama Canal Zone|
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Europe, Africa :Image:Mappa Due Sicilie.PNG|
- Kingdom of Italy – Europe, Africa Asia
- German Empire – Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia :Image:Deutsche Kolonien.PNG|
- Belgium – Europe, Africa :Image:Belgian colonial empire.png|
- Denmark – Europe, North America, Asia, Africa :Image:Denmark-Norway and possessions.png|
- Japanese Empire – Asia, Oceania :Image:Japanese Empire2.png|:Image:PacificTheaterAug1942.jpg|
- Norway – Europe, Antarctica Bouvet Island|
- France – Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica
- Commonwealth of Australia – Oceania, Asia, AntarcticaMacquarie Island|
- Union of South Africa and Republic of South Africa – Africa, Antarctica
- United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves – Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania
- Uzbek Khanate – Asia, Europe
- Ak Koyunlu Empire – Asia, Europe :Image:Uzunhasanempire.gif|
- Khanate of Sibir – Asia, Europe :Image:Siberian Khanate map English.svg|
- Astrakhan Khanate – Europe, Asia
- Safavid Empire – Asia, Europe:Image:LocationSafavid.PNG|
- Crimean Khanate – Europe, Asia
- Grand Duchy of Moscow :Image:Muscovy-Russia 1300-1796.jpg| and Tsardom of Russia – Europe, Asia
- Kalmyk Khanate – Asia, Europe:Image:Kalmykia 1720.jpg|
- Kingdom of Bali – Asia, Oceania Lombok#History|
- Afsharid Empire – Asia, Europe
- Kazakh Khanate – Asia, Europe
- Quba Khanate – Europe, Asia
- Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti – Asia, Europe
- Qajar Empire – Asia, Europe :Image:Gulistan-Treaty.jpg|
- Later Egyptian Empire – Africa, Asia, Europe History of Crete#Venetian and Ottoman Crete|
- United Provinces of New Granada – South America, North America
- Gran Colombia – South America, Central America :Image:Gran Colombia map.jpg|
- Republic of the New Granada and Granadine Confederation – South America, Central America :Image:LocationColombiaPanama.png|
- Greece – Europe, Asia :Image:Greekhistory.GIF| Greco-Turkish War |
- Alash Orda – Asia, Europe
- Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic – Asia, Europe :Image:Russia Caucusus 1882.jpg|
- Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus – Europe, Asia
- Azerbaijan Democratic Republic – Asia, Europe :Image:AzerbaijanDemocraticRepublicMap.png|
- Democratic Republic of Georgia – Asia, Europe :Image:DRGMap.png|
- Centrocaspian Dictatorship – Asia, Europe
- Soviet Union – Europe, Asia :Image:Soviet Union Administrative Divisions 1989.jpg|
- West Indies Federation – North America, South America :Image:West Indies Federation.PNG|
- United Arab Republic :Image:LocationUnitedArabRepublic.png| and United Arab States – Africa, Asia
- Protectorate of South Arabia, People's Republic of South Yemen, and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen – Asia, Africa
- Federation of Arab Republics – Africa, Asia :Image:Esl.PNG|
- Argentina – South America, Antarctica :Image:ARGENT.svg|