List of indigenous names of Eastern Caribbean islands
This list of the indigenous names of the Eastern Caribbean islands is a compilation of the indigenous names that were given by Amerindian people to those islands before the Europeans started naming them. The islands of the Eastern Caribbean were successively settled beginning with Trinidad at least around 5000BC, long before European arrival in 1492. The Eastern Caribbean islands were dominated by two main cultural groups by the European contact period: the Arawaks and the Kalinago, or Caribs. Individual villages of other distinct cultural groups were also present on the more southerly, larger islands. The large island of Trinidad in particular was shared by both Kalinago and Arawak groups.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the Arawaks arrived first, settling the islands as they travelled North from the Orinoco River in Venezuela. The Kalinago people, who proved to be more dominant in warfare, had begun a campaign of conquering and displacement of the Arawaks at the point of European arrival. Also starting at the southern end of the archipelago, they had worked their way north, reaching as far as the island of Saint Kitts by the 16th century.
The islands north of the Saint Kitts 'borderline' had Arawak names while the islands south of it had Kalinago names. The island of Barbados was uninhabited at the point of European arrival, but evidence suggests that Barbados followed the same pattern of displacement as witnessed on neighbouring islands, but that it was abandoned for unknown reasons. The only indigenous name on record for Barbados is one documented as the name used by Arawak peoples on Trinidad in reference to that island.
[Leeward Islands]
| Present Island Name | Indigenous Name | Origin | Meaning |
| Anguilla | Malliouhana | Arawak | Arrow-Shaped Sea Serpent |
| St. Martin | Soualiga Oualichi | Arawak | Land of Salt; Land of Beautiful women |
| St. Barths | Ouanalao | Arawak | Toad on Top |
| Saba | Siba Amonhana | Arawak | The Rock |
| St. Eustatius | Aloi | Arawak | Cashew Tree |
| Saint Croix | Ay Ay | Taino | The River |
| Saint Kitts | Liamuiga | Kalinago | Fertile Land |
| Nevis | Oualie | Kalinago | Land of Beautiful Water |
| Montserrat | Alliouagana | Kalinago | Land of Prickly Bush |
| Barbuda | Wa'omoni | Kalinago | Land of the herons |
| Antigua | Waladli | Kalinago | Land of Fish Oil |
| Redonda | Ocananmanrou | Kalinago | Unknown |
| Guadeloupe | Karukera | Kalinago | Island of Beautiful Waters |
| Marie Galante | Aichi Touloukaera | Kalinago Arawak | Unknown |
[Windward Islands]
| Present Island Name | Indigenous Name | Origin | Meaning |
| Dominica | Wai'tukubuli Kairi | Kalinago Arawak | Tall is Her Body Unknown |
| Martinique | Jouanacaeira | Kalinago | Land of Iguana |
| St. Lucia | Hewanorra | Kalinago | Land of the Iguana |
| Saint Vincent | Hairouna | Kalinago | Land of the Blessed |
| Bequia | Becouya | Kalinago | Island of the Clouds |
| Canouan | Cannouan | Kalinago | Island of Turtles |
| Carriacou | Kayryouacou | Kalinago | Island of Reefs |
| Grenada | Camerhogne | Kalinago / Galibi? | Conception Island |
Continental
| Present Island Name | Indigenous Name | Origin | Meaning |
| Barbados | Ichirouganaim | Arawak | Red land/island with white teeth |
| Tobago | Tobago | Kalinago / Galibi? | Tobacco Pipe |
| Trinidad | Kairi Lele | Kalinago | Island |
Greater Antilles
| Present Island Name | Indigenous Name | Origin | Meaning |
| Hispaniola | Ayiti Kiskeya | Taino | Rough earth; Mother of all lands |
| Cuba | Cobao | Taino | Large island or place |
| Puerto Rico | Borikén | Taino | Land of the Valiant and Noble Lord |
| Jamaica | Yamaye | Taino | Land of Wood and Water or Land of Springs |