List of mammals of Great Britain
This is a list of mammals of Great Britain. The mammal fauna of Great Britain is somewhat impoverished compared to that of Continental Europe due to the short period of time between the last ice age and the flooding of the land bridge between Great Britain and the rest of Europe. Only those land species which crossed before the creation of the English Channel and those introduced by humans exist in Great Britain.
Great Britain holds important populations of grey seals and rare bat species.
Native species are considered to be species which are today present in the region in question, and have been continuously present in that region since a certain period of time. When applied to Great Britain, three possible definitions of this time constraint are:
- a species that colonised the islands during the glacial retreat at the end of the last ice age ;
- a species that was present when the English Channel was created ; or,
- a species that was present in prehistory.
The following tags are used to highlight the conservation conservation status of each species' British population, as assessed by Natural England and The Mammal Society in a Regional Red List, following the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This listing does not cover introduced species, marine species, or vagrants.
Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. | |
Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalised population well outside its previous range. | |
Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. | |
Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. | |
Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. | |
Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to in the future. | |
Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. | |
Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Wallabies
Superorder: AustralidelphiaOrder: Diprotodontia
Though most marsupials make up a great part of the fauna in the Australian region, the red-necked wallaby has been introduced and feral populations are currently breeding on the island of Inchconnachan on Loch Lomond in Argyll and Bute, Scotland and on the Isle of Man. Other colonies have existed in Devon, the Peak District, and the Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, and although these are now believed to be locally extinct, occasional sightings continue.
Family: Macropodidae
- Red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus introduced
Rodents
- Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber
- European water vole, Arvicola amphibius, in Scotland, in Wales
- Bank vole, Myodes glareolus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis
- Orkney vole, Microtus arvalis orcadensis
- Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus, in England, in Wales
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis
- House mouse, Mus musculus
- Black rat, Rattus rattus introduced
- Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus introduced
- Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius
- Edible dormouse, Glis glis introduced
- Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, in Scotland
- Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis introduced
Rabbits and hares
Order: Lagomorpha
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae, and Ochotonidae. Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae
- Mountain hare, Lepus timidus, in England
- European hare, Lepus europaeus
- European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in England, in Wales
Moles, shrews and hedgehogs
Order: Eulipotyphla
The order Eulipotyphla contains insectivorous mammals. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Talpidae
- European mole, Talpa europaea
- Common shrew, Sorex araneus
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus
- Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens
- European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus
Bats
Order: Chiroptera
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in Wales
- Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros
- Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteini, in Wales
- Greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis
- Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus
- Brandt's bat, Myotis brandti
- Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri
- Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentoni
- Serotine, Eptesicus serotinus
- Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula
- Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri
- Nathusius pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii, in Scotland and Wales
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
- Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus
- Barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus
- Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
- Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus
Carnivorans
Order: Carnivora
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Family: Canidae
- Red fox, Vulpes vulpes, in Scotland
- Eurasian wolf, Canis lupus lupus c. 1600 in England and Wales c. 1800 in Scotland
- European otter, Lutra lutra, in Scotland and Wales
- European badger, Meles meles
- European pine marten, Martes martes, in England and Wales
- Stoat, Mustela erminea, in Wales
- Least weasel, Mustela nivalis
- European polecat, Mustela putorius, in Scotland
- American mink, Neovison vison introduced
- Scottish wildcat, Felis silvestris nationally, in England and Wales c. 1870
- South American coati, Nasua nasua introduced
- Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus
- Common seal, Phoca vitulina
Odd-toed ungulates
Order: Perissodactyla
- Dartmoor pony, Equus ferus caballus
Even-toed ungulates
Order: Artiodactyla
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Family: Suidae
- Wild boar, Sus scrofa, in England and Scotland, in Wales
- Red deer, Cervus elaphus
- Sika deer, Cervus nippon introduced
- Fallow deer, Dama dama
- Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus
- Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
- Reeves's muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi introduced
- Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis introduced
Whales and dolphins
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
diving
and a boat in the British water
The infraorder Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- *Family: Balaenidae
- **Genus: Eubalaena
- *** North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis
- *Family: Balaenopteridae
- **Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- ***Genus: Balaenoptera
- **** Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
- **** Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- **** Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
- **** Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
- ***Genus: Megaptera
- **** Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- **Family: Phocoenidae
- ***Genus: Phocoena
- **** Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena
- **Family: Physeteridae
- ***Genus: Physeter
- **** Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus
- **Family: Kogiidae
- ***Genus: Kogia
- **** Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps
- **Family: Ziphidae
- ***Genus: Ziphius
- **** Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris
- ***Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- ****Genus: Hyperoodon
- ***** Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus
- ****Genus: Mesoplodon
- ***** Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens
- ***** Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus
- ***** True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus
- **Family: Delphinidae
- ****Genus: Pseudorca
- ***** False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens
- ***Genus: Delphinus
- **** Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
- ***Genus: Tursiops
- **** Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
- ***Genus: Stenella
- **** Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
- ***Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- **** Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus
- **** White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris
- ***Genus: Grampus
- **** Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus
- ***Genus: Orcinus
- **** Orca, Orcinus orca