List of mammals of Oregon
This list of mammals of Oregon includes all wild mammal species living in or recently extirpated from the U.S. state of Oregon or its coastal shores. This list includes all species from the lists published by the American Society of Mammalogists or found in the comprehensive text Land Mammals of Oregon published in 1998. Rare instances where these lists disagree are noted. Species are grouped by order and then listed in sortable tables by family. Subspecies present in the region are discussed in the notes. The IUCN Red List status for each species is presented. Images presented are from Oregon or adjacent states, as possible. Species found only in captivity are not listed.
Oregon mammals by order
Table has not been updated for threatened species, thus all are listed "n/a".Conservation statuses
Species are classified in nine groups, set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, degree of population and distribution fragmentation. The tables below reclassified results before 1994 to reflect the current rating system.Terrestrial mammals
Carnivora
is one of the most diverse of the mammalian orders. The gray wolf has recently made a much publicized reappearance in Oregon and is included in the list below. The grizzly bear was extirpated from the state in approximately 1940. Since it is included in Land Mammals of Oregon, it is included in the list below.| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Gray wolf | Canis lupus | Canidae | As of the end of 2013, there were a minimum 64 individuals with 4 breeding pairs. Protected under the state Endangered Species Act and under the federal ESA west of highways. First confirmed in western state since 1947 was OR-7 , also known as Journey. | |
| Grizzly bear | Ursus arctos | Ursidae | Historically, they were broadly distributed throughout state except for arid eastern reaches. The last grizzly was killed in Oregon in 1931, according to some authorities. | |
| Coyote | Canis latrans | Canidae | Intermediate size between foxes and wolf; albinos have been documented in state; two of nineteen geographic races are known in the state. | |
| Red fox | Vulpes vulpes | Canidae | Found throughout state; red phase individuals are more predominant than silver or crossed; populations increased as wolf populations declined; subspecies Sierra Nevada red fox observed on Mt Hood and Crater Lake in or after 2010. | |
| Kit fox | Vulpes macrotis | Canidae | Southeast region of state; smallest canid in North America; brownish-gray dorsum, lightening through buff to white on abdomen; large ears; tip of tail is black. | |
| Gray fox | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Canidae | Found throughout the state; grizzle gray coloring; tail has black stripe on dorsal aspect; nocturnal and crepuscular; tree climber for resting, foraging or escape from predators | |
| Black bear | Ursus americanus | Ursidae | ||
| American marten | Martes americana | Mustelidae | ||
| Fisher | Martes pennanti | Mustelidae | Protected in Oregon. | |
| Ermine or short-tailed weasel | Mustela erminea | Mustelidae | ||
| Long-tailed weasel | Mustela frenata | Mustelidae | ||
| American mink | Neovison vison | Mustelidae | ||
| Wolverine | Gulo gulo | Mustelidae | Extirpated, but occasionally wanderers appear from neighboring states and provinces. | |
| American badger | Taxidea taxus | Mustelidae | More common in sagebrush deserts in eastern Oregon. | |
| Northern river otter | Lontra canadensis | Mustelidae | ||
| Sea otter | Enhydra lutris | Mustelidae | The last native sea otter in Oregon was extirpated in the early 20th century. In 1970 and 1971, 95 sea otters were reintroduced from Amchitka Island, Alaska, to the southern Oregon coast. However, this translocation effort failed and otters soon disappeared. Occasional sightings are most likely wanderers from neighboring states. | |
| Western spotted skunk | Spilogale gracilis | Mephitidae | ||
| Striped skunk | Mephitis mephitis | Mephitidae | ||
| Northern fur seal | Callorhinus ursinus | Otariidae | ||
| Steller sea lion | Eumetopias jubatus | Otariidae | ||
| Harbor seal | Phoca vitulina | Phocidae | ||
| Northern elephant seal | Mirounga angustirostris | Phocidae | ||
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor | Procyonidae | ||
| Mountain lion, puma, or cougar | Puma concolor | Felidae | Photograph is of a cougar in the Beulah Wildlife Management Unit in Malheur County, Oregon | |
| Canada lynx | Lynx canadensis | Felidae | This species historically ranged through the Willamette Valley, the Cascade range, Steens Mountain, the Stinkingwater Mountains, the Blue Mountains and the Wallowa Mountains. More common at locations with deep winter snow cover;. under federal ESA protection since 2000 with critical habitat areas defined. |
Chiroptera
| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Big brown bat | Eptesicus fuscus | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Western pipistrelle or canyon bat | Pipistrellius hesperus | Vespertilionidae | Smallest bat in Oregon. | |
| Western red bat | Lasiurus blossevillii | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Hoary bat | Lasiurus cinereus | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Townsend's big-eared bat | Corynorhinus townsendii | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Spotted bat | Euderma maculatum | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Pallid bat | Antrozous pallidus | Vespertilionidae | Typically found in desert regions, semi-arid. | |
| Silver-haired bat | Lasionycteris noctivagans | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Californian myotis | Myotis californicus | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Western small-footed bat | Myotis ciliolabrum | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Little brown myotis | Myotis lucifugus | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Dark-nosed small-footed myotis | Myotis melanorhinus | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Fringed myotis | Myotis thysanodes | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Long-legged myotis | Myotis volans | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Yuma myotis | Myotis yumanensis | Vespertilionidae | ||
| Brazilian/Mexican free-tailed bat | Tadarida brasiliensis | Molossidae |
Rodentia
The North Oregon Coast population of red tree voles are candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act.| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Long-tailed vole | Microtus longicaudus | Cricetidae | ||
| North American beaver | Castor canadensis | Castoridae | ||
| Mountain beaver | Aplodontia rufa | Aplodontidae | ||
| Common porcupine | Erethizon dorsatum | Erethizontidae | ||
| Nutria | Myocastor coypus | Myocastoridae | ||
| Montane vole | Microtus montanus | Cricetidae | ||
| Creeping vole | Microtus oregoni | Cricetidae | ||
| North American water vole | Microtus richardsoni | Cricetidae | ||
| Townsend's vole | Microtus townsendii | Cricetidae | ||
| Bushy-tailed woodrat | Neotoma cinerea | Cricetidae | ||
| Dusky-footed woodrat | Neotoma fuscipes | Cricetidae | ||
| Desert woodrat | Neotoma lepida | Cricetidae | ||
| Common muskrat | Ondatra zibethicus | Cricetidae | ||
| Northern grasshopper mouse | Onychomys leucogaster | Cricetidae | ||
| White-footed vole | Arborimus albipes | Cricetidae | ||
| Red tree vole | Arborimus longicaudus | Cricetidae | ||
| Western red-backed vole | Clethrionomys californicus | Cricetidae | ||
| Southern red-backed vole | Myodes gapperi | Cricetidae | ||
| Sagebrush vole | Lemmiscus curtatus | Cricetidae | ||
| California vole | Microtus californicus | Cricetidae | ||
| Gray-tailed vole | Microtus canicaudus | Cricetidae | ||
| Brush deermouse | Peromyscus boylii | Cricetidae | ||
| Canyon deermouse | Peromyscus crinitus | Cricetidae | ||
| North American deermouse | Peromyscus maniculatus | Cricetidae | ||
| Piñon deermouse | Peromyscus truei | Cricetidae | ||
| Western heather vole | Phenacomys intermedius | Cricetidae | ||
| Western harvest mouse | Reithrodontomys megalotis | Cricetidae | ||
| Botta's pocket gopher | Thomomys bottae | Geomyidae | ||
| Northern pocket gopher | Thomomys talpoides | Geomyidae | ||
| Mazama pocket gopher | Thomomys mazama | Geomyidae | ||
| Townsend's pocket gopher | Thomomys townsendii | Geomyidae | ||
| Camas pocket gopher | Thomomys bulbivorus | Geomyidae | ||
| California kangaroo rat | Dipodomys californicus | Heteromyidae | ||
| Yellow-pine chipmunk | Tamias amoenus | Sciuridae | ||
| Least chipmunk | Tamias minimus | Sciuridae | ||
| North American red squirrel | Tamiasciurus hudsonicus | Sciuridae | ||
| Belding's ground squirrel | Urocitellus beldingi | Sciuridae | ||
| Merriam's ground squirrel | Urocitellus canus | Sciuridae | ||
| Columbian ground squirrel | Urocitellus columbianus | Sciuridae | ||
| Wyoming ground squirrel | Urocitellus elegans | Sciuridae | ||
| Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat | Dipodomys microps | Heteromyidae | ||
| Ord's kangaroo rat | Dipodomys ordii | Heteromyidae | ||
| Dark kangaroo mouse | Microdipodops megacephalus | Heteromyidae | ||
| Little pocket mouse | Perognathus longimembris | Heteromyidae | ||
| Great Basin pocket mouse | Perognathus parvus | Heteromyidae | ||
| House mouse | Mus musculus | Muridae | Not native | |
| Brown rat | Rattus norvegicus | Muridae | Not native | |
| Black rat | Rattus rattus | Muridae | Not native | |
| Golden-mantled ground squirrel | Callospermophilus lateralis | Sciuridae | ||
| Douglas squirrel | Tamiasciurus douglasii | Sciuridae | - | |
| Northern flying squirrel | Glaucomys sabrinus | Sciuridae | ||
| Humboldt's flying squirrel | Glaucomys oregonensis | Sciuridae | ||
| Yellow-bellied marmot | Marmota flaviventris | Sciuridae |
Artiodactyla
| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Elk | Cervus canadensis | Cervidae | Common throughout state; large, heavy, deer-like | |
| Mule deer | Odocoileus hemionus | Cervidae | Common throughout | |
| White-tailed deer | Odocoileus virginianus | Cervidae | Common throughout; white tail erect when evading | |
| Moose | Alces americanus | Cervidae | Northeastern reaches, Wallowa County, small herd of the subspecies Shiras moose ; largest extant species in deer family; herbivorous. | |
| Pronghorn antelope | Antilocapra americana | Antilocapridae | The Oregon pronghorn subspecies has been described, but taxonomic status may be in question. Found in sagebrush steppe in eastern regions of state. Fastest mammal on the continent: top speeds of 50 mph ' | |
| Bighorn sheep | Ovis canadensis | Bovidae | Historically native to much of eastern Oregon, but then became extinct in the state until reintroductions, recently to the Mutton Mountains, Cottonwood Canyon State Park and near the John Day Fossil Beds in the 21st century; bighorn sheep now live in herds scattered across eastern Oregon. | |
| Mountain goat | Oreamnos americanus | Bovidae | Historically native to the northern Oregon Cascades and the Wallowa and Blue mountains until extinction in the state in the 19th or 20th century; reintroduced to the Wallowa and Elkhorn mountains starting in the 20th century, and recently introduced to Mount Jefferson in 2010 and 2012. ' | |
| American bison | Bison bison | Bovidae | Historically native to eastern and central Oregon. Extirpated by the early to mid-19th century. |
Eulipotyphla
Lagomorpha
The order Lagomorpha consists of two living families: the Leporidae and the Ochotonidae. The name of the order is derived from the Greek lagos and morphē. There are eight species in Oregon.| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| American pika | Ochotona princeps | Ochotonidae | Columbia River Gorge, western Cascades; common herbivore; lives in rocky areas/talus habitat near vegetation, meadows; lava flows, woodcuts, disturbed habitat. | |
| Pygmy rabbit | Brachylagus idahoensis | Leporidae | Southern Oregon, endangered in Washington; resides among dense sagebrush; rarely daytime; mostly active dawn/dusk ; burrow dwellings; walks/scurries. | |
| Snowshoe hare | Lepus americanus | Leporidae | Northern coast, south-central, and eastern reaches; shelters daytime; vegetation/groundcover; active crepuscular and at night; marshes, forests, dense vegetation habitats. Lepus americanus oregonus subspecies described | |
| Black-tailed jackrabbit | Lepus californicus | Leporidae | Southwestern Oregon; agricultural fields, grazing areas/pastures, sagebrush, prairies, deserts; rests in shady ground depressions daytime; active night/crepuscular; lighter markings in summer. | |
| White-tailed jackrabbit | Lepus townsendii | Leporidae | Eastern/central; fields, grasslands, meadows; sometimes sagebrush flats; primary activity nights; characteristic zigzag pattern with rapid bursts and leaps when pursued. | |
| Eastern cottontail | Sylvilagus floridanus | Leporidae | Eastern slopes of the Willamette Valley and the Cascades; near forests, agricultural sites, prairies, wet lowlands, margins of hardwood forests; most common of genus in state; sleeps days, under vegetation; crepuscular to nocturnal. | |
| Mountain cottontail | Sylvilagus nuttallii | Leporidae | East of the Cascades; near rivers/streams, rockier areas; found near spruce and ponderosa pine forests, some sagebrush flats; crepuscular; may climbs trees; eats cheatgrass. | |
| Brush rabbit | Sylvilagus bachmani | Leporidae | Verts, page 131 |
Didelphimorphia
There is only one species from the order Didelphimorphia in the state.| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Virginia opossum | Didelphis virginiana | Didelphidae | Introduced early 1900s; adverse impacts on native bird populations from nest disturbances and egg consumption. |
Marine mammals
Cetacea
| Common name | Scientific name authority | Family | Distribution and notes | Red List |
| Common minke whale | Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Balaenopteridae | ||
| Sei whale | Balaenoptera borealis | Balaenopteridae | ||
| Blue whale | Balaenoptera musculus | Balaenopteridae | ||
| Fin whale | Balaenoptera physalus | Balaenopteridae | ||
| Humpback whale | Megaptera novaeangliae | Balaenopteridae | ||
| Gray whale | Eschrichtius robustus | Eschrichtiidae | ||
| Short-beaked common dolphin | Delphinus delphis | Delphinidae | ||
| Short-finned pilot whale | Globicephala macrorhynchus | Delphinidae | ||
| Risso's dolphin | Grampus griseus | Delphinidae | ||
| Pacific white-sided dolphin | Lagernorhynchus obliquidens | Delphinidae | ||
| Northern right whale dolphin | Lissodelphis borealis | Delphinidae | ||
| Killer whale | Orcinus orca | Delphinidae | ||
| False killer whale | Pseudorca crassidens | Delphinidae | ||
| Striped dolphin | Stenella coeruleoalba | Delphinidae | ||
| Harbor porpoise | Phocoena phocoena | Phocoenidae | ||
| Dall's porpoise | Phocoenoides dalli | Phocoenidae | ||
| Sperm whale | Physeter macrocephalus | Physeteridae | ||
| Pygmy sperm whale | Kogia breviceps | Kogiidae | ||
| Dwarf sperm whale | Kogia sima | Kogiidae | ||
| Baird's beaked whale | Berardius bairdii | Ziphiidae | ||
| Hubbs' beaked whale | Mesoplodon carlhubbsi | Ziphiidae | ||
| Stejneger's beaked whale | Mesoplodon stejnegeri | Ziphiidae | ||
| Cuvier's beaked whale | Ziphius cavirostris | Ziphiidae |