List of mammals of Singapore
There are currently about 65 species of mammals in Singapore. Since the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including large species such as tigers, leopards and sambar deer. Most of these have since become extirpated from Singapore largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large mammals such as Asian elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.
Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995 and now possibly extirpated. The banded leaf monkey is also down to around 50 individuals. However, some species may be rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malaysian porcupine which was found on Pulau Tekong in 2005, and the greater mousedeer on Pulau Ubin in 2009.
The most commonly seen native mammals are the long-tailed macaque and plantain squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal that can still be found is the wild boar, which is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, but also found on the mainland. The largest mammals in Singapore, however, are marine creatures such as dugongs and dolphins. The colugo is also doing well, but these are rarely seen due to their elusiveness and camouflage.
List of mammals
Order Eulipotyphla">Insectivora">Eulipotyphla (insectivores)
Family Soricidae- House shrew – urban
- Malayan shrew – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Moonrat
Order [Pholidota] (pangolins)
- Sunda pangolin – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Bukit Panjang, Central Catchment, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Western Catchment, Labrador
Order [Carnivora] (carnivores)
- Short-tailed mongoose
- Three-striped palm civet – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Otter civet
- Masked palm civet – Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong
- Sumatran palm civet – uncommon but widespread in forests, as well as parks and suburban areas with tall trees
- Large-spotted civet
- Malay civet – Central Catchment, possibly Pulau Tekong
- Large Indian civet – Jalan Bahar, unconfirmed sightings in Central Catchment, Lornie Road, Old Holland Road, Pulau Tekong, may be confused with Malay civet
- Small Indian civet
- Small-clawed otter – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Western Catchment
- Smooth otter – mangroves and coasts, rivers, canals, reservoirs, lakes, and ponds in many locations on mainland Singapore, also often seen travelling overland, Pulau Ubin, Sentosa, St. John's Island, Pulau Semakau
- Hairy-nosed otter
- Domestic cat – widespread stray populations in urban areas
- Leopard cat – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Western Catchment, Central Catchment, Sungei Buloh
- Flat-headed cat
- Clouded leopard – doubtful, as the sole record is an individual collected in Changi that has been identified as Sunda clouded leopard
- Tiger
- Leopard
- Domestic/feral dog – widespread feral and stray populations
- Dhole - most likely native, but since extirpated
Order [Sirenia] (sea cows)
- Dugong – Straits of Johor, Singapore Strait
Order [Proboscidea] (elephants)
- Asian elephant – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong
Order [Perissodactyla] (odd-toed ungulates)
- Malayan tapir – Pulau Ubin, Changi - visitor, but once a native species up until the 1930s
- Asian two-horned rhinoceros / hairy rhinoceros - extirpated
- Lesser Asian rhinoceros - extirpated
- Greater Asian rhinoceros - Mandai, conditioned for free range ; proxy to
Order [Cetacea] (cetaceans)
- Irrawaddy dolphin – Singapore Strait
- False killer whale – Tuas
- Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin – Straits of Johor, Singapore Strait
- Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin – Singapore Strait
- Finless porpoise – Singapore Strait
- Sperm whale – Singapore Strait
Order [Artiodactyla] (even-toed ungulates)
- Eurasian wild pig – Western Catchment, Lim Chu Kang, Kranji, Choa Chu Kang, Bukit Panjang, Bukit Batok, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Kent Ridge, Seletar, Sengkang, Punggol, Coney Island, Lorong Halus, Pasir Ris, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong
- Bornean bearded pig - extirpated
- Sambar – Bukit Brown, Central Catchment
- Indian muntjac – Central Catchment
- Indochinese hog deer - Mandai
- Chital - Mandai
- Barasingha - Mandai
- Eld's deer - Mandai
- Lesser mousedeer – Central Catchment
- Greater mousedeer – Pulau Ubin, Western Catchment
- Domestic cattle – Pulau Ubin
- Banteng - local population extirpated, reintroduced through Mandai stock
- Gaur / seladang - local population extirpated, reintroduced through Mandai stock
- Sumatran serow - extirpated
Order [Rodent]ia (rodents)
- Asian house mouse – urban
- Norway rat – urban
- Asian house rat – urban
- Polynesian rat
- Malaysian wood rat
- Annandale's rat – forests
- Brown spiny rat – Central Catchment
- Red spiny rat – Bukit Timah
- Large bamboo rat
- Finlayson's or variable squirrel – Bidadari, Woodleigh
- Plantain squirrel – common, widespread
- Prevost's squirrel
- Three-striped ground squirrel
- Slender squirrel – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Central Catchment, Singapore Botanic Gardens
- Cream-coloured giant squirrel – formerly recorded in Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Shrew-faced ground squirrel – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Red-cheeked flying squirrel – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Horsfield's flying squirrel – Bukit Batok, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Red giant flying squirrel
- Malayan porcupine – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Western Catchment
Order [Chiroptera] (bats)
- Lesser dog-faced fruit bat – widespread in both urban and forest habitats
- Horsfield's fruit bat
- Cave nectar bat
- Common long-tongued fruit bat
- Dusky fruit bat – Bukit Timah
- Malayan flying fox
- Geoffroy's rousette
- Lesser sheath-tailed bat – Bukit Timah, Pulau Ubin
- Pouched tomb bat
- Long-winged tomb bat – Pulau Ubin
- Black-bearded tomb bat
- Southeast Asian hollow-faced bat – Central Catchment
- Lesser false vampire – Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin
- Glossy horseshoe bat – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment
- Woolly horseshoe bat
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat
- Lesser brown horseshoe bat
- Trefoil horseshoe bat – Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong
- Bicolored roundleaf bat – Bukit Timah
- Ashy roundleaf bat – Pulau Ubin
- Fawn roundleaf bat
- Ridley's roundleaf bat
- Big-eared pipistrelle – Pulau Ubin
- Hardwicke's woolly bat – Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong
- Brown tube-nosed bat – Pulau Tekong
- Lesser large-footed myotis
- Horsfield's large-footed myotis – Central Catchment
- Whiskered myotis
- Singapore whiskered bat – endemic to Singapore, possibly globally extinct, but might not actually exist
- Javan pipistrelle – Ayer Rajah, Paya Lebar, Punggol, Upper Thomson, Kent Ridge
- Narrow-winged pipistrelle – Singapore Botanic Gardens, Holland Village, Rochester Park, Bukit Timah
- Asiatic lesser yellow bat
- Lesser bamboo bat – Bukit Timah
- Greater bamboo bat
- Naked bulldog bat – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Sembawang
- Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat
Order [Scandentia] (treeshrews)
- Common treeshrew – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Portsdown, Bidadari, Bedok, Bukit Batok, Jurong Hill, Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment
Order [Dermoptera] (colugo)
- Malayan colugo or Malayan flying lemur – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Central Catchment, Bukit Brown, Gallop Road, Queenstown, Changi
Order [Primates] (primates)
- Sunda slow loris – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong
- Bengal slow loris - introduced via the illicit pet trade
- Javan slow loris - introduced via the illicit pet trade
- Pygmy slow loris - introduced via the illicit pet trade
- Long-tailed macaque – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment, Bukit Batok, Woodlands Waterfront, Admiralty Park, Punggol, Coney Island, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Sentosa, Sisters Islands, lone individuals occasionally seen in parks and urban areas elsewhere in Singapore
- Southern pig-tailed macaque – Pasir Ris, Central Catchment
- Raffles' banded langur – around 60 left in Central Catchment
- Dusky langur - Most likely native, but local population since extirpated. Accidental recolonisation with the appearance of 3 males which originated from Johor
- Silvery langur - Most likely native, but local population since extirpated. Potential visits made by troops swimming from Sumatra to the island of Bintan in the Riau archipelago.
- Javan langur - Mandai
- Western purple-faced langur - Mandai
- Human
- Orangutan - Pulau Ubin
- Siamang - Mandai