List of massacres in the Soviet Union
The following is a list of massacres that took place in the Soviet Union. For massacres that took place in countries that were once part of the Soviet Union, see the list of massacres in that country.
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
| Execution of the Romanov family | 16-17 July 1918 | Yekaterinburg | 11 | Justified by the Bolsheviks as necessary to prevent the anti-communist White Army from rescuing them. The USSR repeatedly denied that Vladimir Lenin was responsible. |
| Red Terror | 1918–1922 | Nationwide | 100,000–200,000 | For the purpose of political repression and suppression of armed resistance. |
| First Decossackization | 1919–1920s | Don and Kuban regions | hundreds of thousands | Mass murder and genocide of cossaks. |
| Case Spring | 1930–1931 | Russia | 3,000+ | Over a thousand killed in St. Petersburg alone. First purge conducted by Stalin. |
| Great purge | 1936–1938 | Nationwide | 681,692–1,200,000 | Ordered by Joseph Stalin. |
| Polish Operation of the NKVD | August 1937– November 1938 | Nationwide | 111,091 | Largest ethnic shooting during the Great purge. |
| Sandarmokh | 1937-38 | Sandarmokh, Karelia | 9000 | Mass executions of prisoners |
| Vinnytsia massacre | 1937–1938 | Vinnytsia, Ukraine | 11,000 | |
| Katyn massacre | April–May 1940 | Katyn Forest, Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons | 22,000 | Mass executions of Polish nationals by NKVD. |
| NKVD prisoner massacres | June–July 1941 | Occupied Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Baltic states | ~100,000 | |
| Khatyn massacre | March 22, 1943 | Khatyn | 149 | Propagandized in the USSR to cover phonetically similar Katyn massacre |
| Khaibakh massacre | February 27, 1944 | Chechnya, Soviet Union | 230–700 | During the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. |
| Kengir uprising | 6 May 1954 – 26 June 1954 | Kengir | 500–700 | |
| Novocherkassk massacre | 1 – 2 June 1962 | Novocherkassk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. | 26 | |
| Jeltoqsan massacre | December 16–19, 1986 | Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR | 168-200 | |
| Sumgait massacre | February 26 - March 1, 1988 | Sumgait, Azerbaijan SSR | 32 | |
| Kirovabad pogrom | November 1988 | Kirovabad, Azerbaijan SSR | 7 | |
| January Massacre | January 19–20, 1990 | Baku, Azerbaijan | 133-137 | Known also as the Black January '' |
| Tbilisi Massacre | April 9, 1989 | Tbilisi, Georgia | 20 | Many civilians wounded and killed with sapper spades |
| Vorkuta uprising | starting July 19, 1953 | Vorkuta | 42 | |
| Fântâna Albă massacre | April 1, 1941 | Northern Bukovina | 200-2,000 | |
| January Events | January 11–13, 1991 | Vilnius, Lithuania | 15 |