List of mayors of New York City
The Mayor of New York City is the chief executive of the Government of New York City, as stipulated by New York City's charter. The current officeholder, the 109th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Bill de Blasio, a member of the Democratic Party.
During the Dutch colonial period from 1624 to 1664, New Amsterdam was governed by the Director of New Netherland. Following the 1664 creation of the British Province of New York, newly renamed New York City was run by the British military governor, Richard Nicolls. The office of Mayor of New York was established in 1665. Holders were appointed by colonial governors, beginning with Thomas Willett. The position remained appointed until 1777. That year, during the American Revolution, a Council of Appointment was formed by the State of New York. In 1821 the New York City Council – then known as the Common Council – began appointing mayors.
Since 1834, mayors have been elected by direct popular vote. Before 1898, the city included little beyond the island of Manhattan. The 1898 consolidation created the city as it is today with five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The longest-serving mayors have been Fiorello H. La Guardia, Robert F. Wagner Jr., Ed Koch and Michael Bloomberg, each of whom was in office for twelve years. The shortest terms in office since 1834 have been those of acting mayors: Thomas Coman and Samuel B. H. Vance, in addition to the purely nominal single day that William T. Collins served in 1925.
Every mayor was white until the election of David Dinkins, to date the city's only African American to hold the office. New York has not had a Hispanic or Latino mayor, with the possible exception of John Purroy Mitchel, who was of Spanish descent and whose grandfather was born in Venezuela. New York's mayors have been religiously diverse; the city has had Protestant, Jewish and Catholic mayors. No woman has ever served as mayor of New York City.
Colonial mayors
Before 1680, mayors served one-year terms. As of 1680, they served two-year terms. Exceptions are noted thus. A dagger indicates mayoralties cut short by death in office.| No. | Name | Starting year of office | Ending year of office |
| 1 | Thomas Willett ' | 1665 | 1666 |
| 2 | Thomas Delavall ' | 1666 | 1667 |
| 3 | Thomas Willett ' | 1667 | 1668 |
| 4 | Cornelius Van Steenwyk ' | 1668 | 1671 |
| 5 | Thomas Delavall ' | 1671 | 1672 |
| 6 | Matthias Nicoll | 1672 | 1673 |
| 7 | John Lawrence ' | 1673 | 1675 |
| 8 | William Dervall | 1675 | 1676 |
| 9 | Nicholas De Mayer | 1676 | 1677 |
| 10 | Stephanus Van Cortlandt ' | 1677 | 1678 |
| 11 | Thomas Delavall ' | 1678 | 1679 |
| 12 | Francis Rombouts | 1679 | 1680 |
| 13 | William Dyre | 1680 | 1682 |
| 14 | Cornelius Van Steenwyk ' | 1682 | 1684 |
| 15 | Gabriel Minvielle | 1684 | 1685 |
| 16 | Nicholas Bayard | 1685 | 1686 |
| 17 | Stephanus Van Cortlandt ' | 1686 | 1688 |
| 18 | Peter Delanoy 1 | 1689 | 1691 |
| 19 | John Lawrence ' | 1691 | 1691 |
| 20 | Abraham de Peyster | 1691 | 1694 |
| 21 | Charles Lodwik | 1694 | 1695 |
| 22 | William Merritt | 1695 | 1698 |
| 23 | Johannes de Peyster | 1698 | 1699 |
| 24 | David Provost | 1699 | 1700 |
| 25 | Isaac De Reimer | 1700 | 1701 |
| 26 | Thomas Noell | 1701 | 1702 |
| 27 | Phillip French | 1702 | 1703 |
| 28 | William Peartree | 1703 | 1707 |
| 29 | Ebenezer Wilson | 1707 | 1710 |
| 30 | Jacobus Van Cortlandt ' | 1710 | 1711 |
| 31 | Caleb Heathcote | 1711 | 1714 |
| 32 | John Johnstone | 1714 | 1719 |
| 33 | Jacobus Van Cortlandt ' | 1719 | 1720 |
| 34 | Robert Walters | 1720 | 1725 |
| 35 | Johannes Jansen | 1725 | 1726 |
| 36 | Robert Lurting † | 1726 | 1735 |
| 37 | Paul Richard | 1735 | 1739 |
| 38 | John Cruger † | 1739 | 1744 |
| 39 | Stephen Bayard | 1744 | 1747 |
| 40 | Edward Holland † | 1747 | 1757 |
| 41 | John Cruger Jr. | 1757 | 1766 |
| 42 | Whitehead Hicks | 1766 | 1776 |
| 43 | David Mathews | 1776 | 1783 |
Note'
- Peter Delanoy was the first and only directly-elected mayor of New York until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion.
Pre-consolidation mayors
The mayor continued to be selected by the Government of New York's Council of Appointment until 1821, when Stephen Allen became the first mayor appointed by a local Common Council. Under the Charter of 1834, mayors were elected annually by direct popular vote. Starting in 1849, mayors were elected to serve two-year terms.| # | Mayor | Term start | Term end | Terms | Party | |
| James Duane | January 1, 1784 | 1789 | 5 | None | ||
| Richard Varick | 1789 | 1801 | 11 | Federalist | ||
| Edward Livingston | 1801 | 1803 | 2 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| DeWitt Clinton ' | 1803 | 1807 | 4 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| Marinus Willett | 1807 | 1808 | 1 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| DeWitt Clinton ' | 1808 | 1810 | 2 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| Jacob Radcliff ' | 1810 | 1811 | 1 | Federalist | ||
| DeWitt Clinton ' | 1811 | 1815 | 4 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| John Ferguson | 1815 | 1815 | Democratic-Republican | |||
| Jacob Radcliff ' | February 13, 1815 | 1818 | 3 | Federalist | ||
| Cadwallader D. Colden | 1818 | 1821 | 3 | Federalist | ||
| Stephen Allen | 1821 | 1824 | 3 | Federalist | ||
| William Paulding Jr. ' | 1825 | 1826 | 1 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| Philip Hone | 1826 | 1827 | 1 | National Republican | ||
| William Paulding Jr. ' | 1827 | 1829 | 2 | Democratic-Republican | ||
| Walter Bowne | 1829 | 1832 | 3 | Democratic | ||
| Gideon Lee | 1833 | 1834 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Cornelius Lawrence | 1834 | 1837 | 3 | Democratic | ||
| Aaron Clark | 1837 | 1839 | 2 | Whig | ||
| Isaac L. Varian | 1839 | 1841 | 2 | Democratic | ||
| Robert H. Morris | 1841 | 1844 | 3 | Democratic | ||
| James Harper | 1844 | 1845 | 1 | American Republican | ||
| William F. Havemeyer ' | 1845 | 1846 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Andrew H. Mickle | 1846 | 1847 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| William V. Brady | 1847 | 1848 | 1 | Whig | ||
| William F. Havemeyer ' | 1848 | 1849 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Caleb S. Woodhull | 1849 | 1851 | 1 | Whig | ||
| Ambrose Kingsland | 1851 | 1853 | 1 | Whig | ||
| Jacob A. Westervelt | 1853 | 1855 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Fernando Wood ' | 1855 | 1858 | 2 | Democratic | ||
| Daniel F. Tiemann | 1858 | 1860 | 1 | Independent Party | ||
| Fernando Wood ' | 1860 | 1862 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| George Opdyke | 1862 | 1864 | 1 | Republican | ||
| Charles G. Gunther | 1864 | 1866 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| John T. Hoffman1 | 1866 | November 30, 1868 | less than 1 | Democratic | ||
| Acting | Thomas Coman 1 | November 30, 1868 | January 4, 1869 | 5 weeks | Democratic | |
| Abraham Oakey Hall 2 | January 4, 1869 | December 31, 1872 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| William F. Havemeyer 3' † | January 1, 1873 | November 30, 1874 | less than 1 | Republican | ||
| Acting | Samuel B. H. Vance 3 | November 30, 1874 | December 31, 1874 | 1 month | Republican | |
| William H. Wickham | January 1, 1875 | December 31, 1876 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Smith Ely Jr. | 1877 | 1878 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Edward Cooper | 1879 | 1880 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| William R. Grace ' | 1881 | 1882 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Franklin Edson | 1883 | 1884 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| William R. Grace ' | 1885 | 1886 | 2 | - | ||
| Abram Hewitt | 1887 | 1888 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| Hugh J. Grant | 1889 | 1892 | 2 | Democratic | ||
| Thomas F. Gilroy | 1893 | 1894 | 1 | Democratic | ||
| William L. Strong 4 | January 1, 1895 | December 31, 1897 | 1 | Republican |
Notes
- John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term. Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office.
- When Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation, the Acting Mayor of New York City was John Cochrane, the President of the New York City Council.
- William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office.
- William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.
Post-consolidation mayors
The 1898–1901 term was for four years. The City Charter was changed to make the mayor's term a two-year one beginning in 1902, but after two such terms was changed back to resume four-year terms in 1906. George B. McClellan Jr. thus served one two-year term from 1904 to 1905, during which he was elected to a four-year term from 1906 to 1909.The party of the mayor reflects party registration, as opposed to the party lines run under during the general election.
Notes
- Randolph Gugghenheimer I served as acting mayor in 1900 while Robert A. Van Wyck was away.
- Seth Low previously served as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885.
- William Jay Gaynor died September 10, 1913. Ardolph L. Kline, the unelected President of the Board of Aldermen, succeeded as acting mayor upon Gaynor's death, but then sought re-election as an alderman rather than election as mayor. Kline has thus been the only mayor since 1834 never to win a citywide election.
- John Hylan and Police Commissioner Richard Enright resigned December 30, 1925 to ensure that they received their city pensions, which they may not have been entitled to keep had they stayed in office for one more day. William T. Collins became acting Mayor for one day, prior to the inauguration of Jimmy Walker
- Jimmy Walker resigned September 1, 1932 and went to Europe, amid allegations of corruption in his administration. Joseph V. McKee, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became acting mayor in Walker's place, but was then defeated in a special election by John P. O'Brien.
- William O'Dwyer resigned August 31, 1950, during a police corruption scandal, after which he was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Harry S. Truman.
- Vincent R. Impellitteri, President of the New York City Council, became acting mayor when O'Dwyer resigned on August 31, 1950, and was then elected to the office in a special election held on November 7, 1950. He was inaugurated on November 14.
- Michael R. Bloomberg was a lifelong Democrat before registering as a Republican in 2001 and running for mayor. He then registered as an Independent in 2007, and re-registered as a Democrat in 2018 after saying he would consider a run for the presidency in 2020.