List of papal conclaves
There have been 110 papal elections that have produced popes currently recognized by the Catholic Church as legitimate. There was no fixed process for papal succession before 1059 and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointment. Since the promulgation of In nomine Domini, however, suffrage has been limited to the College of Cardinals.
Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of papal conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi periculum and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.
Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only five elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace. Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina, Cluny, Velletri, Verona, Ferrara, Pisa, Perugia, Anagni, Naples, Viterbo, Arezzo, Carpentras/Lyon, Avignon, Konstanz and Venice. Three elections moved between locations while in progress: the elections of 1268–71, 1292–94, and 1314–16.
Papal elections
, the site of the first papal election outside Romeas a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.
confined the cardinals to the Septizodium during the 1241 election.
during the 1268–71 election and removed two cardinal electors from the Palace during the 1280–81 election.
, the site of most papal conclaves during the Avignon Papacy
, the site of the Council of Constance, the last papal election outside Italy
of the Apostolic Palace, the site of all conclaves since 1878.
.
in Venice, the last papal election site outside of Rome.
was the site of the four conclaves prior to the seizure of Rome by the forces of the Italian unification.
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
| San Pietro in Vincoli | |||
| San Pietro in Vincoli | |||
| S. Lucia in Sepitisolio | |||
| SS. Pietro e Cesareo | |||
| Basilica di San Clemente | |||
| Benedictine monastery on Palatine Hill | |||
| Cluny Abbey | |||
| San Pancrazio | |||
| SS. Andrea e Gregorio in clivo scauri | |||
| San Marco | |||
| Basilica of St. John Lateran | |||
| San Cesareo in Palatio | |||
| Old St. Peter's Basilica | |||
| Old St. Peter's Basilica | |||
| Old St. Peter's Basilica | |||
| Septizodium | |||
| Palazzo delle Canoniche | |||
| Septizodium | |||
| Septizodium | |||
| Viterbo Cathedral | |||
| Palazzo delle Canoniche | |||
| Viterbo Cathedral Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo | |||
| Arezzo Cathedral | |||
| Basilica of St. John Lateran | |||
| Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo | |||
| Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo | |||
| Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo | |||
| Palazzo delle Canoniche | |||
| Corte Savella, near Santa Sabina | |||
| Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Santa Maria sopra Minerva Palazzo delle Canoniche | |||
| Castel Nuovo | |||
| Basilica of St. John Lateran | |||
| Perugia Cathedral | |||
| Carpentras Cathedral Dominican house in Lyon | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| Old St. Peter's Basilica | |||
| ' | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Palais des Papes | |||
| ' | |||
| San Petronio Basilica | |||
| Konstanz Minster | |||
| Santa Maria sopra Minerva | |||
| Basel Münster | |||
| Santa Maria sopra Minerva | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Capella Parva and Capella Magna | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Cappella Parva | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Cappella Paolina | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Cappella Paolina | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace | |||
| San Giorgio Monastery | |||
| Quirinal Palace | |||
| Quirinal Palace | |||
| Quirinal Palace | |||
| Quirinal Palace | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel | |||
| Apostolic Palace, Sistine Chapel |