List of regions in the human brain
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
[Myelencephalon]
- Medulla oblongata
- *Medullary pyramids
- *Olivary body
- **Inferior olivary nucleus
- *Rostral ventrolateral medulla
- *Caudal ventrolateral medulla
- *Solitary nucleus
- *Respiratory center-Respiratory groups
- **Dorsal respiratory group
- **Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre
- ***Pre-Bötzinger complex
- ***Botzinger complex
- ***Retrotrapezoid nucleus
- ***Nucleus retrofacialis
- ***Nucleus retroambiguus
- ***Nucleus para-ambiguus
- *Paramedian reticular nucleus
- *Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
- *Parafacial zone
- *Cuneate nucleus
- *Gracile nucleus
- *Perihypoglossal nuclei
- **Intercalated nucleus
- **Prepositus nucleus
- **Sublingual nucleus
- *Area postrema
- *Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
- **Inferior salivatory nucleus
- **Nucleus ambiguus
- **Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- **Hypoglossal nucleus
- *Chemoreceptor trigger zone
[Metencephalon]
- Pons
- *Pontine nuclei
- *Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
- ** chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus
- ** Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve
- ** Abducens nucleus
- ** Facial nerve nucleus
- ** vestibulocochlear nuclei
- **Superior salivatory nucleus
- *Pontine tegmentum
- **Pontine micturition center
- **Locus coeruleus
- **Pedunculopontine nucleus
- **Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
- **Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus
- **Nucleus incertus
- *Parabrachial area
- **Medial parabrachial nucleus
- **Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- **Subparabrachial nucleus
- ***Pontine respiratory group
- *Superior olivary complex
- **Medial superior olive
- **Lateral superior olive
- **Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
- *Paramedian pontine reticular formation
- *Parvocellular reticular nucleus
- *Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
- *Cerebellar peduncles
- **Superior cerebellar peduncle
- **Middle cerebellar peduncle
- **Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Fourth ventricle
- Cerebellum
- *Cerebellar vermis
- *Cerebellar hemispheres
- **Anterior lobe
- **Posterior lobe
- **Flocculonodular lobe
- *Cerebellar nuclei
- **Fastigial nucleus
- **Interposed nucleus
- ***Globose nucleus
- ***Emboliform nucleus
- **Dentate nucleus
Midbrain">Mesencephalon">Midbrain (mesencephalon)
- Tectum
- *Corpora quadrigemina
- **inferior colliculi
- **superior colliculi
- Pretectum
- Tegmentum
- *Periaqueductal gray
- *Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
- *Midbrain reticular formation
- *Dorsal raphe nucleus
- *Red nucleus
- *Ventral tegmental area
- **Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
- **Paranigral nucleus
- **Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
- *Caudal linear nucleus
- *Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe
- *Interfascicular nucleus
- *Substantia nigra
- **Pars compacta
- **Pars reticulata
- *Interpeduncular nucleus
- Cerebral peduncle
- *Crus cerebri
- Mesencephalic cranial nerve nuclei
- *Oculomotor nucleus
- *Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- *Trochlear nucleus
- Mesencephalic duct
Forebrain">Prosencephalon">Forebrain (prosencephalon)
[Diencephalon]
[Epithalamus]
- Pineal body
- Habenular nuclei
- Stria medullaris
- Taenia thalami
[Third ventricle]
- Subcommissural organ
[Thalamus]
- Anterior nuclear group
- *Anteroventral nucleus
- *Anterodorsal nucleus
- *Anteromedial nucleus
- Medial nuclear group
- *Medial dorsal nucleus
- *Midline nuclear group
- *Paratenial nucleus
- *Reuniens nucleus
- *Rhomboidal nucleus
- *Intralaminar nuclear group
- *Centromedian nucleus
- *Parafascicular nucleus
- *Paracentral nucleus
- *Central lateral nucleus
- Lateral nuclear group
- *Lateral dorsal nucleus
- *Lateral posterior nucleus
- *Pulvinar
- Ventral nuclear group
- *Ventral anterior nucleus
- *Ventral lateral nucleus
- *Ventral posterior nucleus
- **Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
- **Ventral posterior medial nucleus
- Metathalamus
- *Medial geniculate body
- *Lateral geniculate body
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
[Hypothalamus] ''([limbic system])'' ''([HPA axis])''
- Anterior
- *Medial area
- **Parts of preoptic area
- ***Medial preoptic nucleus
- ****INAH 1
- ****INAH 2
- ****INAH 3
- ****INAH 4
- **Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- **Paraventricular nucleus
- **Supraoptic nucleus
- **Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- *Lateral area
- **Parts of preoptic area
- ***Lateral preoptic nucleus
- **Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
- **Part of supraoptic nucleus
- *Other nuclei of preoptic area
- **median preoptic nucleus
- **periventricular preoptic nucleus
- Tuberal
- *Medial area
- **Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
- **Ventromedial nucleus
- **Arcuate nucleus
- *Lateral area
- **Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
- **Lateral tuberal nuclei
- Posterior
- *Medial area
- **Mammillary nuclei
- **Posterior nucleus
- *Lateral area
- **Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
- Surface
- * Median eminence
- * Mammillary bodies
- * Pituitary stalk
- Optic chiasm
- Subfornical organ
- Periventricular nucleus
- Tuber cinereum
- *Tuberal nucleus
- *Tuberomammillary nucleus
- Tuberal region
- Mammillary nucleus
[Subthalamus]''([HPA axis])''
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
[Pituitary gland] ''([HPA axis])''
- neurohypophysis
- Pars intermedia
- adenohypophysis
Telencephalon ''(cerebrum)''">Telencephalon">Telencephalon ''(cerebrum)'' [Cerebral hemisphere]s
[White matter]
- Centrum semiovale
- Corona radiata
- Internal capsule
- External capsule
- Extreme capsule
Subcortical
- Hippocampus
- *Dentate gyrus
- *Cornu ammonis
- **Cornu ammonis area 1
- **Cornu ammonis area 2
- **Cornu ammonis area 3
- **Cornu ammonis area 4
- Amygdala ' '
- *Central nucleus '
- *Medial nucleus '
- *Cortical and basomedial nuclei '
- *Lateral and basolateral nuclei '
- Extended amygdala
- *Stria terminalis
- **Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
- Claustrum
- Basal ganglia
- *Striatum
- **Dorsal striatum
- ***Putamen
- ***Caudate nucleus
- **Ventral striatum
- ***Nucleus accumbens
- ***Olfactory tubercle
- *Globus pallidus
- **Ventral pallidum
- *Subthalamic nucleus
- Basal forebrain
- *Anterior perforated substance
- *Substantia innominata
- *Nucleus basalis
- *Diagonal band of Broca
- *Septal nuclei
- **Medial septal nuclei
- *Lamina terminalis
- **Vascular organ of lamina terminalis
[Rhinencephalon] ''([paleocortex])''
- Olfactory bulb
- Olfactory tract
- Anterior olfactory nucleus
- Piriform cortex
- Anterior commissure
- Uncus
- Periamygdaloid cortex
[Cerebral cortex] ''([neocortex])''
- Frontal lobe
- *Cortex
- **Primary motor cortex
- **Supplementary motor cortex
- **Premotor cortex
- **Prefrontal cortex
- ***Orbitofrontal cortex
- ***Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- *Gyri
- **Superior frontal gyrus
- **Middle frontal gyrus
- **Inferior frontal gyrus
- *Brodmann areas: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
- Parietal lobe
- *Cortex
- **Primary somatosensory cortex
- **Secondary somatosensory cortex
- **Posterior parietal cortex
- *Gyri
- **Postcentral gyrus '
- *Other
- **Precuneus
- *Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 '; 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
- Occipital lobe
- *Cortex
- **Primary visual cortex
- **V2
- **V3
- **V4
- **V5/MT
- **
- *Gyri
- **Lateral occipital gyrus
- *Other
- **Cuneus
- *Brodmann areas 17 '; 18, 19
- Temporal lobe
- *Cortex
- **Primary auditory cortex
- **secondary auditory cortex
- **Inferior temporal cortex
- **Posterior inferior temporal cortex
- *Gyri
- **Superior temporal gyrus
- **Middle temporal gyrus
- **Inferior temporal gyrus
- **Entorhinal cortex
- **Perirhinal cortex
- **Parahippocampal gyrus
- **Fusiform gyrus
- *Brodmann areas: 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
- *Other
- **Medial superior temporal area
- Insular cortex
- Cingulate cortex
- *Anterior cingulate
- *Posterior cingulate
- *Retrosplenial cortex
- *Indusium griseum
- *Subgenual area 25
- *Brodmann areas 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 '; 31, 32
[Neural pathway]s
- Superior longitudinal fasciculus
- * Arcuate fasciculus
- Uncinate fasciculus
- Perforant pathway
- Thalamocortical radiations
- Corpus callosum
- Anterior commissure
- Amygdalofugal pathway
- Interthalamic adhesion
- Posterior commissure
- Habenular commissure
- Fornix
- Mammillotegmental fasciculus
- Incertohypothalamic pathway
- Cerebral peduncle
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Myoclonic triangle
- Solitary tract
- Major dopaminergic pathways from dopaminergic cell groups
- * Mesocortical pathway
- * Mesolimbic pathway
- * Nigrostriatal pathway
- * Tuberoinfundibular pathway
- Serotonergic pathways
- *Raphe Nuclei
- Norepinephrine Pathways
- *Locus coeruleus and other noradrenergic cell groups
- Epinephrine pathways from adrenergic cell groups
- Glutamate and acetylcholine pathways from mesopontine nuclei
Motor systems">Muscle#Muscle movement">Motor systems / Descending fibers
- Extrapyramidal system
- Pyramidal tract
- *Corticospinal tract or Cerebrospinal fibers
- **Lateral corticospinal tract
- **Anterior corticospinal tract
- *Corticopontine fibers
- **Frontopontine fibers
- **Temporopontine fibers
- *Corticobulbar tract
- Corticomesencephalic tract
- Tectospinal tract
- Interstitiospinal tract
- Rubrospinal tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Olivospinal tract
- Vestibulospinal tract
- *Lateral vestibulospinal tract
- *Medial vestibulospinal tract
- Reticulospinal tract
- Lateral raphespinal tract
- Alpha system
- Gamma system
[Somatosensory system]
- Dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway
- * Gracile fasciculus
- * Cuneate fasciculus
- * Medial lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- * Lateral spinothalamic tract
- * Anterior spinothalamic tract
- * Spinomesencephalic tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
- Spino-olivary tract
- Spinoreticular tract
[Visual system]
- Optic tract
- Optic radiation
- Retinohypothalamic tract
[Auditory system]
- Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
- Trapezoid body
- Lateral lemniscus
[Nerves]
- Brain stem
- *Cranial nerves
- **Terminal
- **Olfactory
- **Optic
- **Oculomotor
- **Trochlear
- **Trigeminal
- **Abducens
- **Facial
- **Vestibulocochlear
- **Glossopharyngeal
- **Vagus
- **Accessory
- **Hypoglossal
Neuro">Neuron">Neuro endocrine systems">endocrine">endocrine systems
- Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
- *HPA axis
- *HPG axis
- *HPT axis
- *GHRH - GH
- Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system
Neuro">Neuron">Neuro vascular systems">circulatory system">vascular systems
- Middle cerebral artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Vertebral artery
- Basilar artery
- Circle of Willis
- Blood–brain barrier
- Glymphatic system
- Venous systems
- Circumventricular organs
[Neurotransmitter pathways]
- Noradrenaline system
- Dopamine system
- Serotonin system
- Cholinergic system
- GABA
- Neuropeptides
- * Opioid peptides
- ** Endorphins
- ** Enkephalins
- ** Dynorphins
- * Oxytocin
- * Substance P
Dural meningeal system
- Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
- Meningeal coverings
- *Dura mater
- *Arachnoid mater
- *Pia mater
- Epidural space
- Subdural space
- Subarachnoid space
- *Arachnoid septum
- *Superior cistern
- *Cistern of lamina terminalis
- *Chiasmatic cistern
- *Interpeduncular cistern
- *Pontine cistern
- *Cisterna magna
- *Spinal subarachnoid space
- Ventricular system
- *Cerebrospinal fluid
- ***Third ventricle
- ***Fourth ventricle
- ***Lateral ventricles
- ****Angular bundle
- ****Anterior horn
- ****Body of lateral ventricle
- ****Inferior horn
- ****Posterior horn
- *****Calcar avis
- ****Subventricular zone
[Limbic system]
- Cortical areas:
- *Limbic lobe
- *Orbitofrontal cortex: a region in the frontal lobe involved in the process of decision-making
- *Piriform cortex: part of the olfactory system
- *Entorhinal cortex: related to memory and associative components
- *Hippocampus and associated structures: play a central role in the consolidation of new memories
- *Fornix: a white matter structure connecting the hippocampus with other brain structures, particularly the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei
- Subcortical areas:
- *Septal nuclei: a set of structures that lie in front of the lamina terminalis, considered a pleasure zone
- *Amygdala: located deep within the temporal lobes and related with a number of emotional processes
- *Nucleus accumbens: involved in reward, pleasure, and addiction
- Diencephalic structures:
- *Hypothalamus: a center for the limbic system, connected with the frontal lobes, septal nuclei, and the brain stem reticular formation via the medial forebrain bundle, with the hippocampus via the fornix, and with the thalamus via the mammillothalamic fasciculus; regulates many autonomic processes
- *Mammillary bodies: part of the hypothalamus that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus
- *Anterior nuclei of thalamus: receive input from the mammillary bodies and involved in memory processing
- stria medullaris
- central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden
Related topic
- Human brain
- Spinal cord
- Outline of the human nervous system
- List of nerves of the human body