List of political entities in the 6th century BC
;Political entities in the 7th century BC – Political entities in the 5th century BC – Political entities by century
This is a list of sovereign states or polities that existed in the 6th century BC.
Africa
| State | Existed |
| Aethiopia | c. 13th - 5th centuries BC |
| Blemmyes | 600 BC - 8th century AD |
| Carthaganian Empire | 650 - 146 BC |
| Kingdom of D'mt | 980 - 400 BC |
| Kingdom of Cyrene | 631 - 525 BC |
| Kingdom of Egypt | 1069 - 525 BC |
| Garamantian Empire | 1000 BC - 700 AD |
| Kingdom of Kush | 1070 BC - 350 AD |
| Libu | 1550 - 146BC |
| Macrobia | c. 8th - 4th centuries BC |
| Mauri | 580 - 285 BC |
| Nok | 1000 BC - 300 AD |
| Persian Empire | 525 - 330 BC |
| Sao | 6th century BC - 6th century AD |
Americas
| name | existed |
| Maya | 2000 BC - 900 AD |
| Olmec | 1400-400 BC |
| Paracas | 800 - 100 BC |
| Pueblo | 12th century BC - 14th century AD |
| Zapotec | 700 BC - 1521 AD |
Europe
North and West
South and East
| State | Existed |
| Aquitani | 550 - 27 BC |
| Kingdom of Arcadia | 980 - 743 BC |
| Kingdom of Acarnania | 7th - 1st century BC |
| Kingdom of Argolis | 1200 - 226 BC |
| Astures | 550 BC - 68 AD |
| Republic of Athens | 1068 - 146 BC |
| Cantabri | 650 BC - 1st century AD |
| Carthaganian Empire | 650 - 146 BC |
| Celtici | 600 - 19 BC |
| Celtiberia | 650 - 19 BC |
| Corinthia | 700 - 338 BC |
| Dacia | 700 BC - 106 AD |
| Kingdom of Etruria | 768 - 264 BC |
| Getae | 7th century BC - 4th century AD |
| Iapydes | 9th century - 34 BC |
| Illyria | 2000 - 168 BC |
| Liburnia | 11th century - 34 BC |
| Kingdom of Locria | 1250 - 386 BC |
| Lucania | 1000 - 356 BC |
| Magna Graecia | 740 - 89 BC |
| Oenotria | 1000 - 325 BC |
| Paeonia | 535 BC - 681 AD |
| Padanian Etruria | 9th century - 5th century BC |
| Persian Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
| Phocis | 690 - 222 BC |
| Roman Republic | 509 - 27 BC |
| Kingdom of Sabinum | c. 760 - 494 BC |
| Samnium | c. 600 - 82 BC |
| Sicels | c. 11th century - 425 BC |
| Kingdom of Sparta | 950 - 146 BC |
| Kingdom of Thessaly | 950 - 344 BC |
| Tartessos | 1000 - 450 BC |
| Thrace | 1500 - 450 BC |
| Umbria | 9th century - 3rd century BC |
| Veneti | 6th century - 218 BC |
Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia
East Asia
| Name | Existed |
| Ba | 13th century - 311 BC |
| Cai | 980 - 447 BC |
| Cao | 1053 - 487 BC |
| Chen | 1046 - 479 BC |
| Chu | 1030 - 223 BC |
| Donghu | 1400 - 150 BC |
| Kingdom of Gojoseon | 2333 - 108 BC |
| Japan | 660 BC - present |
| Jin | 550 - 108 BC |
| Jin state | 1042 - 376 BC |
| Pi | 1046 - 418 BC |
| Qiang | 2000 BC - 150 BC |
| Qi | 1600 - 445 BC |
| Qi | 1046 - 221 BC |
| Qin | 858 - 221 BC |
| Quanrong | 954 - 301 BC |
| Sui | 771 - 221 BC |
| Sumpa | 1600 BC - 7th century AD |
| Shu | 1046 - 316 BC |
| Teng | 1046 - 414 BC |
| Kingdom of Van Lang | 2879 - 258 BC |
| Xu | 2000 - 512 BC |
| Yan | 1046 - 222 BC |
| Zhongshan | 580 - 296 BC |
| Zhou Kingdom | 1046 - 256 BC |
| Zou | 1012 - 350 BC |
South Asia
| Name | Existed |
| Anarta Kingdom | 1100 - 550 BC |
| Anga Kingdom | 1380 - 550 BC |
| Avanti Kingdom | 900 - 322 BC |
| Danda Kingdom | 1100 - 450 BC |
| Haryanka Kingdom | 684 - 413 BC |
| Kalinga Kingdom | 1376 - 285 BC |
| Kamboja Kingdom | 1450 - 195 BC |
| Kasmira Kingdom | 1250 - 322 BC |
| Kimpurusha Kingdom | 1000 - 325 BC |
| Kirata Kingdom | 1350 - c. 300 BC |
| Kosala Kingdom | 1000 - 266 BC |
| Magadha Kingdom | 1000 - 323 BC |
| Malla Republic | 780 - 323 BC |
| Matsya Kingdom | 1180 - 318 BC |
| Panchala | 700 - 323 BC |
| Pandya Kingdom | 1350 - 460 BC |
| Parvata Kingdom | c. 9th century - 325 BC |
| Persian Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
| Pundra Kingdom | 1300 BC - 550 AD |
| Shakya Republic | 800 - 320 BC |
| Sindhu Kingdom | 800 - 320 BC |
| Sinhala Kingdom | 700 - 543 BC |
| Surasena | 1000 - 323 BC |
| Tambapanni | 543 - 505 BC |
| Trigarta Kingdom | 1150 - 322 BC |
| Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara | 505 - 377 BC |
| Vanga Kingdom | 1300 BC - 580 AD |
| Vatsa | 1100 - 323 BC |
| Vriji | 1250 - 322 BC |
| Yaksha Kingdom | 1200 - 350 BC |
West Asia
| state type | existed |
| Kingdom of Armenia | 553 BC - 428 AD |
| Kingdom of Awsan | 7th century BC - 100 AD |
| Kingdom of Caria | 11th - 6th century BC |
| Carmania | c. 7th century - 550 BC |
| Kingdom of Chaldea | 1100 - 539 BC |
| Kingdom of Cilicia | 795 - 546 BC |
| Principality of Corduene | 800 BC - 653 AD |
| Kingdom of Doris | 1200 - 580 BC |
| Kingdom of Edom | 1200 - 125 BC |
| Elamite Empire | 1210 - 535 BC |
| Gedrosia | 600 BC - |
| Kingdom of Hadhramaut | 700 BC - 320 AD |
| Kingdom of Haram | 600 - 175 BC |
| Kingdom of Lycia | 1183 - 546 BC |
| Kingdom of Magan | 2200 - 550 BC |
| Kingdom of Ma'in | 580 - 85 BC |
| Median Empire | 678 - 549 BC |
| Mysia | 1320 - 301 BC |
| Neo-Babylonian Empire | 626 - 539 BC |
| Kingdom of Paphlagonia | 1480 - 546 BC |
| Parsua | 860 - 600 BC |
| Persian Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
| Kingdom of Qataban | 6th century BC - 2nd century AD |
| Principality of Zabdicene | 780 BC - 5th century AD |