List of states during the Middle Ages


Post-classical history is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200-600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse. In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, the High, and the Late Middle Ages.

Europe">History of Europe">Europe

North and West

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AilechGrianán AilighKingdom450–1617 AD
AirgíallaClogherTribal Federation/kingdom331–1590 AD
Alba ClogherKingdom900–1286 AD
Angevin EmpireNo officialEmpire1154–1242 AD
AustrasiaMetzKingdom511–751 AD
Avar KhaganateKhaganate567–804 AD
BavariaDukedom508–788 AD
BéarnVariousViscounty9th century–1620 AD
BouillonBouillonDukedom1456–1794 AD
BrabantBrusselsDuchy1183–1430 AD
BreifneCroghanKingdom700–1256 AD
BrittanyVariousDukedom939–1547 AD
BrycheiniogKingdom450–1045 AD
First Bulgarian EmpirePliska, Preslav, Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola Empire681–1018 AD
BurgundyDijonDukedom1032–1477 AD
CaitTribal kingdom25–871 AD
CarantaniaKarnburgPrincipality658–828 AD
Carolingian EmpireAachenEmpire800–888 AD
CeTribal kingdom1st century–900 AD
Dal RiadaDunaddKingdom501–878 AD
DenmarkVariousKingdomc. 900 AD–state exists today
DesmondKillarneyKingdom1118–1596 AD
DumnoniaIsca DumnoniorumPrincipality360–710 AD
DyfedKingdom410–910 AD
DithmarschenHeideRepublicc. 1320–1559
EnglandWinchester, LondonKingdom927–1707 AD
East AnglesRendlesham, DommocKingdom6th century–918 AD
FranceParis, VersaillesKingdom843–1792 AD
FrisiaDorestad, UtrechtTribal kingdom600–734 AD
Frisia Confederacyc. 1200–c. 1500 AD
FlandersVariousCountship862–1795 AD
FortriuTribal kingdom1–850 AD
Frankish EmpireTournai, ParisKingdom/Empire481–843 AD
Galicia–VolhyniaVariousPrincipality/kingdom/client1199-1349 AD
GallowayKingdomc. 1000–1234 AD
GododdinKingdom5th–8th centuries AD
Golden HordeSarai BatuKhanate1240–1502 AD
GwentCaerwent, Porth-is-CoedKingdom420–1081 AD
GlywysingCardiffKingdom490–1063 AD
GueldersGeldernCountship/dukedom1096–1795 AD
GwyneddVariousKingdom420–1216 AD
HaestingasHastingsTribal kingdom6th century–771 AD
HollandThe HagueCountship11th century–1795 AD
Holy Roman EmpireNo officialEmpire962–1806 AD
IcelandÞingvellirCommonwealth 930–1262 AD
IrelandDublinLordship1171–1542 AD
KalmarCopenhagen Union1397–1523 AD
KentDurovernumKingdom488–871 AD
KievKievPrincipality1132–1471 AD
LeinsterKingdom436–1632 AD
LindseyLindumKingdom/Client410–775 AD
LorraineNancyDukedom959–1766 AD
LotharingiaKingdom855–959 AD
Magna FrisiaDorestad, UtrechtKingdom600–734 AD
Mann and IslesKingdom848–1266 AD
MeraniaDukedom/client1153–1248 AD
Mongol EmpireAvarga, Karakorum, DaduEmpire1206–1368 AD
MeathDublinKingdom1st century–1173 AD
MerciaTamworthKingdom527–918 AD
MorayKingdomc. 970–1130 AD
MoscowMoscowGrand Duchy / client1283–1547 AD
NormandyRouenDuchy911–1259 AD
NorthumbriaBamburghKingdom653–954 AD
NorwayVariousKingdom872 AD–state exists today
NovgorodNovgorodRepublic1136–1478 AD
Old SaxonyDukedom758–804 AD
OrangeOrange, VauclusePrincipality1163–1717 AD
OssoryKilkennyKingdom150–1185 AD
PictlandKingdom250 BC–850 AD
PomeraniaVariousDuchy1121–1637 AD
PoherVorgiumPrincipality520–936 AD
PowysVariousKingdom488–1160 AD
Raetia CuriensisChurBishopric 452–1176 AD
SaxonsTribal confederation5th century BC–754 AD
ScotlandStirling, EdinburghKingdom843–1707 AD
StrathclydeDumbarton, GovanKingdom450–1093 AD
SussexSelseyKingdom477–825 AD
SwedenVariousKingdomc.970–state exists today
Swiss ConfederacyVariousConfederacyc. 1300–1798
Terra MarianaVariousConfederated bishopric principalities 1207–1561 AD
ThomondEnnisKingdom1118–1543 AD
ThuringiaDuchy450–1247 AD
TverTverPrincipality1246–1485 AD
TyrconnellDun na nGallKingdom464–1607 AD
UlsterKingdom465–1177 AD
Uí FailgheRathangan, DaingeanKingdom507–1550 AD
VisigothicVariousKingdom418–720 AD
Vladimir-SuzdalVladimirGrand Dukedom/client1157–1231 AD
WalesAber Garth CelynPrincipality1216–1542 AD
WessexWinchesterKingdom519–1018 AD

South and East

Middle East">History of the Middle East">Middle East and North Africa">History of North Africa">North Africa

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AntiochAntiochPrincipality/client1098–1268 AD
Armenian CiliciaTarsus, SisKingdom1198–1375 AD
ArminiyaDvinPrincipality/client653–884 AD
AyyubidCairoConfederated principalities/empire1171–1341 AD
Byzantine EmpireConstantinopleEmpire330–1453 AD
CumaniaNot specifiedNomadic confederation900–1220 AD
CyprusNicosiaKingdom1192–1489 AD
EdessaEdessa, TurbesselCountship1098–1150 AD
Fatimid CaliphateMahdia, Al-Mansuriya, CairoEmpire909–1171 AD
GalileeTiberiasPrincipality/client1099–1187 AD
GhassanidBalka, Harith, Petra, SideirKingdom220–712 AD
GhuridVariousSultanate879–1215 AD
IlkhanateMaragha, Tabriz, SoltaniyehNomadic kingdom1256–1335 AD
Jaffa and AscalonJaffaCountship/client1100–1268 AD
JerusalemJerusalemKingdom1099–1291 AD
Khazar KhaganateAtil, Balanjar, SemenderNomadic kingdom618–1048 AD
Mongol EmpireAvarga, Karakorum, DaduEmpire1206–1368 AD
Nizari IsmailiAlamut CastleNot specified 1090–1256 AD
OultrejordainLordship/client1118–1199 AD
RümNicaea, IconiumSultanate1077–1307 AD
SidonSidonLordship/client1110–1260 AD
Trebizond EmpireTrebizondEmpire/client1204–1461 AD
TripoliTripoliCountship/client1102–1289 AD
Umayyad CaliphateDammascus, HarranEmpire 661–750 AD
UyunidAl Hasa, Awal, QatifEmirate1076–1253 AD
ZengidAleppoEmirate1127–1250 AD
Abbasid CaliphateBaghdadEmpire 750–1256 AD
IdrisidsFezEmpire 788–985 AD
Medri BahriDebarwaKingdom1137–1890 AD
MamlukCairoSultanate1250–1517 AD

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia">History of Central Asia">Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

East Asia">History of East Asia">East Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
Balhae EmpireDongmoEmpire698–926 AD
Bruneian EmpireVariousEmpire7th–19th centuries AD
Đại Việt / AnnamThăng LongKingdom938–1400 AD / 1428–1804 AD
Đại NguTây ĐôKingdom1400–1407 AD
ButuanButuanKingdom1001–1521 AD
ChampaIndrapura, Vijaya, PandurangaKingdom192–1832 AD
ChenlaBhavapura, IsanapuraKingdom550–706 AD
ChūzanUrasoeKingdom1314–1429 AD
DharmasrayaDharmasraya, Muaro JambiKingdom1183–1347 AD
Göktürk KhaganateOrdu BaliqNomadic Confederacy552–747 AD
HokuzanNakijinKingdom1322–1466 AD
Great JinVariousEmpire1115–1254 AD
JapanVariousEmpire660 BC–present day
Kara-Khanid KhanateBalasagun, Kashgar, SamarkandNomadic confederation840–1212 AD
KhitanShangjingKingdom/Client388–1211 AD
KhotanKhotanKingdom56–1006 AD
LangkasukaKedah, PattaniKingdom100–1516 AD
LavoLavo, AyodhayaKingdom450–1388 AD
Madya-asNot specifiedConfederation1200–1569 AD
MelayuJambiKingdom4th–13th centuries AD
Mongol EmpireAvarga, Karakorum, DaduEmpire1206–1368 AD
NanzanNanzanKingdom13th century–1429 AD
PyuSri KsetraFederated City States250 BC–1085 AD
RyukyuShuriKingdom1429–1879 AD
SillaGyeongjuKingdom55 BC–935 AD
Song EmpireBianjing, Lin'anEmpire960–1279 AD
SuluVariousSultanate/client1405–1915 AD
SundaPakuan Pajajaran, KawaliKingdom669–1579 AD
Tang EmpireChang'an, LuoyangEmpire618–907 AD
Tibetan EmpireLhasa, Pho brangEmpire618–841 AD
ThatonThatonKingdom300 BC–1085 AD
UsanKingdom512–930 AD
Yuan EmpireKhanbaliqNomadic Empire1271–1368 AD
Vạn XuânLongbianKingdom544–603 AD

South">History of South Asia">South and Southeast Asia">History of Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraKingdom377 BC–1017 AD
AyAykudiKingdom4th century BC–12th century AD
BahmaniGulbarga, BidarKingdom1347–1527 AD
BumthangChakhar GuthoKingdom7th–17th centuries AD
CochinVariousKingdom12th century–1947 AD
Eastern ChalukyaVengi, RajamundryKingdom624–1129 AD
GarhwalVariousKingdom888–1949 AD
GhuridVariousSultanate879–1215 AD
Gurjara Pratihara EmpireKannaujEmpire650–1036 AD
IlkhanateMaragha, Tabriz, SoltaniyehNomadic kingdom1256–1335 AD
JaisalmerJaisalmerPrincipality1156–1947 AD
KamarupaPragjyotishpur, Haruppeswara, DurjayaKingdom350–1140 AD
Kabul ShahiKabul, WaihindKingdom/Empire6th century–1026 AD
Maitraka EmpireVallabhiEmpire475–767 AD
Maukhari EmpireKannaujEmpire550–700 AD
Mongol EmpireAvarga, Karakorum, DaduEmpire1206–1368 AD
MysoreMysore, SrirangapatnaKingdom1399–1947 AD
Pallava EmpireKanchiEmpire250 BC–800 AD
RajarataAnuradhapura, Sigiriya, PolonnaruwaKingdom377 BC–1310 AD
SirmoorSirmürPrincipality1095–1948 AD
Tibetan EmpireLhasa, Pho brangEmpire618–841 AD
Umayyad CaliphateDammascus, HarranEmpire 661–750 AD
Western GangaKolar, TalakadKingdom350–1000 AD
Yuan EmpireKhanbaliqNomadic Empire1271–1368 AD

[Sub-Saharan Africa]

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AdalZeila, Dakkar, HarrarSultanate1415–1559 AD
AghlabidsKairouanEmirate800–909 AD
Ajuran EmpireMareeg, Qelafo, MeccaEmpire13th–17th centuries AD
Aksumite EmpireAksumEmpire100–960 AD
AlodiaSobaEmpire680–1504 AD
AngocheAngoche, MomaKingdom1485–1910 AD
Benin EmpireBenin CityEmpire1440–1897 AD
Bornu EmpireNgazargamuEmpire1380–1893 AD
BlemmyesTribal Kingdom600 BC–8th century AD
Ethiopian EmpireAddis AbabaEmpire1137–1975 AD
Ghana EmpireKoumbi SalehEmpire400–1235 AD
Kanem EmpireNjimiEmpire700–1387 AD
KongoSão SalvadorKingdom/client1390–1914 AD
MakuriaDongolaKingdom340–1312 AD
MapungubweNot specifiedKingdom1075–1220 AD
MutapaZvongombeKingdom1430–1760 AD
NobatiaPachorasKingdom350–650 AD
NriIgbo-UkwuKingdom948–1911 AD
Oyo EmpireOyo-IleKingdom1400–1905 AD
ShillukFashodaKingdom1490–1865 AD
Songhai EmpireGaoEmpire1464–1591 AD

[Pre-Columbian Americas]

These are prehistoric states, listed either based on archaeological evidence or based on their existence at the time of European contact.
NameCapitalState typeExisted
Aztec EmpireTenochtitlanEmpire1428–1521 AD
CañariTumebambaTribal Confederacy500–1533 AD
MayaVariousKingdom City States2000 BC–900AD
MocheMoche-Trujillo.United Independent Polities100–800 AD
NazcaVariousTribal chiefdom's100 BC–800 AD
PuebloVariousTribal chiefdom's12th century BC–14th century AD
Teotihuacan EmpireTeotihuacanEmpire100 BC–8th century AD
Tiwanakun EmpireTiwanakuEmpire300–1000 AD
Wari EmpireHuariEmpire500–1100 AD
ZapotecKingdom City States700 BC–1521 AD