Lithospermum canescens


Lithospermum canescens, or the hoary puccoon is a perennial herb endemic to eastern North America. The plant has golden yellow flowers which bloom from April to May.

Description

Lithospermum canescens grows to in height, growing from a thick, red, woody taproot with one to several stems that are usually not branched. Its leaves are alternate and, and lack a petiole. The leaves range around in length and have any width under. Both the leaves and stems are grey-green and pubescent, meaning they are covering with many short, silky, erect trichomes, or hairs.
Its flowers are and cluster at the terminal racemes, or at the end of stems. They are commonly yellow to orange in hue and are about in diameter. The fruit of the plant is a hard, smooth, yellowish-white seedlike nutlet.

Taxonomy

The genus name lithospermum comes from the Greek lethos, meaning "stone", and sperma, meaning "seed", referencing the stone-like seeds of the plant. The species name means "white with age", referencing the short, white hairs that cover the plant.
The common name "hoary puccoon" also references the short, white trichomes on the plant, as also means "white or grey with age, and the word "puccoon" comes from a Native American word meaning "a plant that yields a pigment".

Habitat and distribution

The plant commonly grows in dry to moderately moist soils, in prairies, woodlands, and the edges of roads. It seldom grows in sandy soils.
It grows throughout the eastern United States, from eastern Nebraska to Georgia.

Uses

Native American children chew the plant with their gum to dye it red, as referenced in the common name "hoary puccoon". The taproot produces the reddish-purple juice that is commonly used as a pigment. Native Americans also use the roots of the plant to treat asthma or any lung complaints, and as a sedative. The Menomini peoples used the ripened, white seed of the plant as a type of ceremonial bead.