Loucetios


In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was invariably identified with the Roman Mars. Scholars have interpreted his name to mean ‘lightning’. Mars Loucetius was worshipped alongside the goddess Nemetona.

Inscriptions and shrines

About a dozen inscriptions in honour of Mars Loucetius have been recovered, mainly from eastern Gaul, with a particular concentration among the Vangiones and Aresaces. Inscriptions to him have also been found at Bath and Angers; the altar at Bath specifies that it was dedicated by a citizen of the Treveri.
Inscriptions often invoke Mars Loucetius together with Victoria or Nemetona. Edith Mary Wightman considers this pair “closely similar to if not identical with, Lenus and Ancamna”, who are known chiefly from the territory of the Treveri adjacent to those of the Aresaces and Vangiones.
Four of the inscriptions to Mars Loucetius are also dedicated IN H D D, ‘in honour of the divine house’.
Wightman further suggests that the shrine of Mars Loucetius at Klein-Winternheim, south of Mainz, was “a central one for the Aresaces”, the ancient inhabitants of the Mainz-Bingen area.

Name and etymology

The name Loucetios may be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leuk- ‘shine’; Xavier Delamarre glosses the theonym as “Eclair”. It is presumably analogous to Oscan Loucetius ‘light-bringer’, an epithet of Jupiter. The Gaulish and Brythonic forms likely derive from Proto-Celtic *louket-, ‘bright, shining, flashing’, hence also ‘lightning’, in reference to either a Celtic common metaphor for battles as thunderstorms, or else the divine aura of the hero. Loucetios was also considered as Sulis Minerva's consort.

Modern literature

In Neil Gaiman's American Gods, Leucotios appears in chapter three, during Shadow's dream of forgotten gods. Gaiman's Leucotios is described as a “man with... white hair, with a necklace of teeth about his neck, holding a drum”.