Louis Ménard Louis-Nicolas Ménard was a French man of letters also known for his early discoveries on collodion . He was born in Paris . His versatile genius occupied itself in turn with chemistry , poetry , painting and history . In 1843 he published, under the pseudonym of L. de Senneville , a translation of Prométhée délivré . Turning to chemistry, he discovered collodion in 1846 , but its value was not recognized at the time ; and its application later to surgery and photography brought him no advantage. Ménard was a socialist , always in advance of the reform movements of his time. After 1848 he was condemned to imprisonment for his Prologue d'une révolution . He escaped to London , returning to Paris only in 1852. Until 1860 he occupied himself with classical studies , the fruits of which are to be seen in his Poèmes , Polythéisme hellénique , and two academic theses, De sacra poesi graecorum and La Morale avant les philosophes . The next ten years Menard spent chiefly among the Barbizon artists , and he exhibited several pictures. He was in London at the time of the Paris Commune , and defended it with his pen. In 1887 he became professor at the École des Arts décoratifs , and in 1895 professor of universal history at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris . His Rêveries d'un paien mystique , which contained sonnets, philosophical dialogues and some stories , was followed in 1896 by Poèmes et rêveries d'un paien mystique . Ménard died in Paris on 9 February 1901 . His works include: Histoire des anciens peuples de l'Orient ; Histoire des Israélites d'après l'exégèse biblique , and Histoire des Grecs . There is an appreciation of Ménard in the opening chapter of Maurice Barrès's Voyage de Sparte .
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