Louis de Funès
Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza was a French actor and comedian. According to several polls conducted since 1968, he is France's favourite actor - having played over 130 roles in film and over 100 on stage. His acting style is remembered for its high-energy performance and his wide range of facial expressions and tics. A considerable part of his best-known acting was directed by Jean Girault.
Louis de Funès is one of the most famous French actors of all time, and even more so when it comes to his international celebrity.
Besides his extreme fame in the French-speaking world he also still is a household name in places like Italy, Germany, Spain, Turkey, Iran, Greece, Israel, Albania, the former Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union as well as other former Warsaw Pact countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.
Despite this he remains almost unknown in the English-speaking world. He was exposed to a wider audience only once in the United States, in 1974, with the release of The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob, which was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.
Early life
Louis de Funès was born on 31 July 1914 in Courbevoie, Hauts-de-Seine to parents who hailed from Seville, Spain. Since the couple's families opposed their marriage, they eloped to France in 1904. His father, Carlos Luis de Funès de Galarza, a nobleman whose mother descended from the Counts de Galarza and his father from the XI century Lords of Funes. He had been a lawyer in Spain, but became a diamond cutter upon arriving in France. His mother, Leonor Soto Reguera, was Galician, daughter to Galician lawyer Teolindo Soto Barro, of Portuguese descent.Known to friends and intimates as "Fufu", de Funès spoke French, Spanish and English as well. During his youth, he was fond of drawing and playing the piano. He was an alumnus of the lycée Condorcet in Paris. He later dropped out, and his early life was rather inconspicuous; as a youth and young adult, de Funès held menial jobs, from which he was repeatedly fired. He became a bar pianist, working mostly as a jazz pianist in Pigalle, Paris, where he made his customers laugh each time he grimaced. He studied acting for one year at the Simon acting school, where he made some useful contacts, including with Daniel Gélin, among others. In 1936, he married Germaine Louise Elodie Carroyer, with whom he had one child: a son named Daniel; the couple were divorced in late 1942. Through the early 1940s, De Funès continued playing the piano in clubs, thinking there was not much call for a short, balding, skinny actor. His wife and Daniel Gélin encouraged him until he managed to overcome his fear of rejection. His wife supported him in the most difficult moments and helped him to manage his career efficiently.
During the occupation of Paris in the Second World War, he continued his piano studies at a music school, where he fell in love with a secretary, Jeanne Barthelémy de Maupassant. She had fallen in love with "the young man who played jazz like God"; they married in 1943 and remained together for forty years until de Funès' death in 1983. They had two sons: Patrick and Olivier. Olivier de Funès became known for the roles he played in some of his father's films.
Theatrical career
Louis de Funès began his show business career in the theatre, where he enjoyed moderate success and also played small roles in films. Even after he attained the status of a movie star, he continued to play theatre roles. His stage career culminated in a magnificent performance in the play Oscar, a role which he would reprise a few years later in the film adaptation.Film career
In 1945, thanks to his contact with Daniel Gélin, de Funès made his film debut at the age of 31 with a bit part in Jean Stelli's La Tentation de Barbizon. He appears on screen for less than 40 seconds in the role of the porter of the cabaret Le Paradis, welcoming the character played by Jérôme Chambon in the entrance hall and pointing him to the double doors leading to the main room, saying: "C'est par ici, Monsieur". Chambon declines the invitation, pushing the door himself instead of pulling it open. De Funès then says: "Bien, il a son compte celui-là, aujourd'hui!".He went on to perform in 130 film roles over the next 20 years, playing minor roles in over 80 films before being offered his first leading roles. During this period, de Funès developed a daily routine of professional activities: in the morning he did dubbing for recognized artists such as Totò, an Italian comic of the time; during the afternoon he worked in film; and in the evening, he performed as a theatre actor.
From 1945 to 1955, he appeared in 50 films, usually as an extra or walk-on. In 1954, he went on to star in such films as Ah! Les belles bacchantes and Le Mouton à cinq pattes. A break came in 1956, when he appeared as the black-market pork butcher Jambier in Claude Autant-Lara's well-known World War II comedy, La Traversée de Paris. He achieved stardom in 1963 with Jean Girault's film, Pouic-Pouic. This successful film guaranteed de Funès top billing in all of his subsequent films. At the age of 49, de Funès unexpectedly became a major star of international renown with the success of Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez. After their first successful collaboration, director Jean Girault perceived de Funès as the ideal actor to play the part of the scheming, opportunistic and sycophant gendarme; the first film, therefore, led to a series of six.
Another collaboration with director Gérard Oury produced a memorable tandem of de Funès with Bourvil—another great comic actor—in the 1964 film, Le Corniaud. The success of the de Funès-Bourvil partnership was repeated two years later in La Grande Vadrouille, one of the most successful and the largest grossing film ever made in France, drawing an audience of 17.27 million. It remains his greatest success. Oury envisaged a further reunion of the two comics in his film La Folie des grandeurs, but Bourvil's death in 1970 led to the unlikely pairing of de Funès with Yves Montand in that film.
, in 1970.
Eventually, he became France's leading comic actor. Between 1964 and 1979, he topped France's box-office of the year's most successful movies seven times. In 1968, all three of his films were in the top ten in France for the year, topped by Le Petit Baigneur.
He co-starred with many of the major French actors of his time, including Jean Marais and Mylène Demongeot in the Fantomas trilogy, and also Jean Gabin, Fernandel, Coluche, Annie Girardot, and Yves Montand. He also worked with Jean Girault in the famous 'Gendarmes' series. In a departure from the Gendarme image, de Funès collaborated with Claude Zidi, who wrote for him a new character full of nuances and frankness in L'aile ou la cuisse, which is arguably the best of his roles. Later, de Funès' considerable musical abilities were showcased in films such as Le Corniaud and Le Grand Restaurant. In 1964, he debuted in the first of the Fantômas series, which launched him into superstardom.
In 1975, Oury turned again to de Funès for a film entitled Le Crocodile', in which he was to play the role of a South American dictator. But in March 1975, de Funès was hospitalized for heart problems and forced to take a rest from acting, causing Le Crocodile to be cancelled. After his recovery, he appeared opposite another comic genius, Coluche, in L'Aile ou la cuisse. In 1980, de Funès realised a long-standing dream to make a film version of Molière's play, L'Avare.
Louis de Funès made his final film, Le Gendarme et les gendarmettes'' in 1982.
Style
Unlike the characters he played, de Funès was said to be a very shy person in real life. Capable of an extremely rich and rapidly changing range of facial expressions, de Funès was nicknamed "the man with forty faces per minute." In many of his films, he played the role of a humorously excitable, cranky, middle-aged or mature man with a propensity for hyperactivity, bad faith, and uncontrolled fits of anger. Along with his short height – – and his facial contortions, this hyperactivity produced a highly comic effect. This was particularly visible when he was paired with Bourvil, who was always given roles of calm, slightly naive, good-humoured men. In de Funès' successful lead role in a cinematic version of Molière's The Miser, these characteristics are greatly muted, percolating just beneath the surface.Later years and death
In the later part of his life, de Funès achieved great prosperity and success. He became a knight of France's Légion d'honneur in 1973. He resided in the Château de Clermont, a 17th-century chateau located in the commune of Le Cellier, which is situated 27 kilometers from Nantes in the west of France. This chateau, overlooking the Loire River, was inherited by his wife, whose aunt had married a descendant of Maupassant. De Funès was an aficionado of roses. He planted a rose garden on the château grounds and a variety of rose has been named for him. A monument honoring him was erected in the rose garden of his wife's chateau.In his later years, he suffered from a heart condition after having a heart attack caused by straining himself too much with his stage antics. Louis de Funès died of a heart attack on 27 January 1983, a few months after making his final film. He was laid to rest in the Cimetière du Cellier, the cemetery situated in the grounds of the château.
Legacy
Louis de Funès was portrayed on a postage stamp issued on 3 October 1998 by the French post office. He was portrayed as a gambler in "The One-Armed Bandit" issue of the cult comic book series Lucky Luke. In 2013, a museum dedicated to De Funès was created in the Château de Clermont. On 31 July 2019 a museum dedicated to De Funès was opened in St Raphael.Filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Co-starring | Notes |
| 1964 | Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez | Maréchal des logis-chef Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault | ||
| 1964 | Fantômas | Commissioner Juve | André Hunebelle | Jean Marais, Mylène Demongeot | |
| 1965 | Le Corniaud | Léopold Saroyan | Gérard Oury | Bourvil | |
| 1965 | Les Bons Vivants | Léon Haudepin | Gilles Grangier and Georges Lautner | Mireille Darc | |
| 1965 | Le gendarme à New York | Maréchal des logis-chef Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault | ||
| 1965 | Fantômas se déchaîne | Commissioner Juve | André Hunebelle | Jean Marais, Mylène Demongeot | |
| 1966 | Le Grand Restaurant | Monsieur Septime | Jacques Besnard | ||
| 1966 | La Grande Vadrouille | Stanislas Lefort | Gérard Oury | Bourvil, Terry-Thomas | |
| 1967 | Fantômas contre Scotland Yard | Commissioner Juve | André Hunebelle | Jean Marais, Mylène Demongeot | |
| 1967 | Oscar | Bertrand Barnier | Édouard Molinaro | ||
| 1967 | Les grandes vacances | Charles Bosquier | Jean Girault | ||
| 1968 | Le Petit Baigneur | Louis-Philippe Fourchaume | Robert Dhéry | ||
| 1968 | Le tatoué | Félicien Mézeray | Denys de La Patellière | Jean Gabin | |
| 1968 | Le gendarme se marie | Maréchal des Logis-chef Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault | ||
| 1969 | Hibernatus | Hubert Barrère de Tartas | Édouard Molinaro | ||
| 1970 | L'homme orchestre | Monsieur Edouard | Serge Korber | ||
| 1970 | Le gendarme en balade | Maréchal des logis-chef Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault | ||
| 1971 | Sur un arbre perché | Henri Roubier | Serge Korber | Geraldine Chaplin | |
| 1971 | Jo | Antoine Brisebard | Jean Girault | ||
| 1971 | La folie des grandeurs | Don Salluste de Bazan | Gérard Oury | Yves Montand | |
| 1973 | Les aventures de Rabbi Jacob | Victor Pivert | Gérard Oury | ||
| 1976 | L'aile ou la cuisse | Charles Duchemin | Claude Zidi | Coluche | |
| 1978 | La Zizanie | Guillaume Daubray-Lacaze | Claude Zidi | Annie Girardot | |
| 1979 | Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres | Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault | ||
| 1980 | L'avare | Harpagon | Louis de Funès and Jean Girault | ||
| 1981 | La Soupe aux choux | Claude Ratinier | Jean Girault | ||
| 1982 | Le gendarme et les gendarmettes | Maréchal des Logis-chef Ludovic Cruchot | Jean Girault et Tony Aboyantz |