Ludwik Hass


Ludwik Hass was a Polish historian who specialised in the history of Freemasonry in Poland.
Hass was born to Jewish parents in Stanisławow. He was brought up in a middle-class family which had been assimilated to Polish nationalism. He attended the University of Lvov, which was then in the territory of the Polish Second Republic. While there he became a Trotskyist. Following the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he found himself in the territory of the Soviet Union. He was arrested and sent to Vorkutlag. He attributed his survival due to being assigned office work thanks to his education. He was released in 1948 and remained in the Soviet Union until he returned to Poland in 1957. On his arrival in Warsaw he astounded a welcoming delegation of students, by announcing that he was a revolutionary who wanted to overthrow the bureaucracy. He then sang The Internationale and gave a clenched fist salute.

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