Lycium chinense


Lycium chinense is one of two species of boxthorn shrub in the family Solanaceae. Along with Lycium barbarum, it produces the goji berry. Two varieties are recognized, L. chinense var. chinense and L. chinense var. potaninii. It is also known as Chinese boxthorn, Chinese matrimony-vine, Chinese teaplant, Chinese wolfberry, wolfberry, and Chinese desert-thorn.

Description

Wolfberry species are deciduous woody shrubs, growing high, somewhat shorter than L. barbarum. The stems are highly branched. Branches are pale gray, slender, curved or pendulous, with thorns long.

Leaves

Lycium chinense leaves form on the shoot either solitary in an alternating arrangement or in bundles of 2 to 4. Their shape may be ovate, rombic, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, usually long and wide.

Flowers

The flowers grow in groups of one to three in the leaf axils, with pedicels long. The bell-shaped or tubular calyx splits halfway into short, triangular, densely ciliate lobes. The corollae is a tube that splits into lavender or light purple petals, wide with five or six lobes longer than the tube, with short hairs at the edge. The stamens are structured with longer than the anthers, slightly shorter or longer than the corolla, with a villous ring slightly above the base and the adjacent corolla tube. The anthers are longitudinally dehiscent.

Fruit and seeds

Lycium chinense produces a bright orange-red berry, whose shape is ovoid or oblong, long and 5 to 8 mm wide. It contains compressed yellow seeds, from 2.5 to 3 mm wide, with a curved embryo; their number varies widely based on cultivar and fruit size, from 10 to 60. The berries ripen from July to October in the Northern Hemisphere.

Disease

It can be parasitized by the oomycete species Peronospora lycii.

Use

The fruits may be infused with hot water to make goji tea. The plant has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various disorders, although there is no high-quality clinical evidence that consuming it has any effect on health or disease.

Chemistry

The fruit composition is similar to that of L. barbarum. Polysaccharides, carotenoids and flavonoids are the
typical constituents. Rutin is the main flavonoid. The main carotenoid is zeaxanthin dipalmitate. The fruit contains zeaxanthin, β-carotene, two cerebrosides, and three pyrrole derivatives.
Dozens of secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified from the roots, root bark and leaves, including cyclic peptides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Citric acid is the major nonvolatile organic acid in the leaves followed by oxalic acid.

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