Thomas Babington Macaulay was born in Leicestershire, England, on 25 October 1800, the son of Zachary Macaulay, a former governor of Sierra Leone and anti-slavery activist. His mother was Selina Mills, a pupil of the great British moralist, Hannah Moore. Elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1830 as a member of the reformistWhig party, Macaulay was named in 1834 as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India. Macaulay spent the next four years in India, where he devoted his efforts to reforming the Indian criminal code, putting the British and natives on an equal legal footing, and to establishing an educational system based upon the British model, which involved introducing Indians to European ideas from the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.. Macaulay held western culture in high esteem, and was dismissive of the existent Indian culture, which he perceived as stagnant and fallen well behind mainstream European scientific and philosophical thought. He saw his undertaking as a "civilising mission":
"We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population."
"Macaulayism" and modern India
Since the second half of the 20th century, Hindu nationalists in independent India have blamed Macaulay for the ills of colonialism and for ostensibly producing a subculture of Indians who are not proud of their distinct heritage. Speaking at a national seminar on "Decolonising English Education" in 2001, Professor Kapil Kapoor of Jawaharlal Nehru University claimed that mainstream English-language education in India today has tended to "marginalise inherited learning" and uproot academics from traditional Indian modes of thought, inducing in them "a spirit of self-denigration." Many Hindu nationalists claim that Macaulayism is a mechanism of British neocolonial control in India. Though Britain has long since ceased to play a significant role in India's economy, Indian-originated multinational conglomerates that are based in London or have been brought up in the British education system such as ArcelorMittal and the Tata Group now own many Indian companies and run educational institutions.
Similar terms in other parts of Asia
While not directly related to "Macaulayism", similar terms in other parts of Asia revolve around the adoption of Western cultural habits and/or idolisation of Caucasians. in Singapore, Kalu Sudda in Sri Lanka and "崇洋媚外" in China are some examples. Reports and incidences of such behaviour and attitudes are also found in Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan and South Korea.
