Macavirus


Macavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this genus including the type species Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: inapparent infection in their reservoir hosts, but fatal lymphoproliferative disease when they infect MCF-susceptible hosts, including cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo and pigs.

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species:
Viruses in Macavirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and Round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.
GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
MacavirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. Dna templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Mammals serve as the natural host.
GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
MacavirusMammalsB-lymphocytesGlycoprotiensBuddingNucleusNucleusSex; saliva