The club was founded in 1912 by a group of Jewish students from Petah Tikva, who were studying in the Ottomancity of Constantinople, making it the second oldest Jewish football club in Israel after Maccabi Tel Aviv, which was formed in 1906. In 1921, after the death of founder member Avshalom Gisin during the 1921 Palestine riots, the club added his name to the club's name, and the club was named "Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva". In 1927 the club moved to the Maccabi Petah Tikva Ground, where they would play until the 1970s. In 1935 they won their first piece of silverware, beating Hakoah Tel Aviv 1–0 in the cup final. In 1939 they reached the final again, but lost 2–1 to Hapoel Tel Aviv. The following year they won the Haaretz tournament. The club was included in the new Israeli League in 1949, and finished fifth in the inaugural post-independence league table. In the next season they finished as runners-up to champions Maccabi Tel Aviv and also won the State Cup, beating Maccabi Tel Aviv 1–0. In 1953–54 they also finished second with Eliezer Spiegel finishing as the league's top goalscorer on 16 goals from 22 matches. After several seasons of mid-table finishes, Maccabi finished bottom of the table in 1962–63 and were due to be relegated to Liga Alef. However, the Israel Football Association decided to expand the league from 12 to 15 clubs and they were spared demotion. However, the club was relegated at the end of the 1965–66 season after finishing second from bottom. After two seasons in Liga Alef the club returned to the top division in 1969. At the end of the 1970–71 season the club was relegated again after finishing second from bottom, but made an immediate return as Liga Alef champions. Although Maccabi finished bottom in 1974–75, they were again reprieved from relegation due to league expansion. However, after a repeat performance in 1976–77 they did go down. After making another immediate return to the top flight, the club maintained several mid-table finishes, before ending the 1987–88 season bottom of the table. In 1990 and 1991 the club won the Liga ArtzitToto Cup. They returned to the top division in 1991 and have remained there since. In 1995 the club won the top division's Toto Cup for the first time, a feat repeated in 2000 and 2004. In 2001 the club reached the cup final for the first time in 49 years, losing 3–0 to Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 2003–04 they finished third, qualifying for the UEFA Cup. However, the home leg of their third qualifying round tie against SC Heerenveen was cancelled by UEFA due to a baggage handlers strike, and they lost the away leg 5–0. In 2004–05 the club finished second in the league and qualified for the UEFA Cup again. This time they were more successful, beating Macedonian side FK Baskimi 11–0 on aggregate, before knocking outPartizan Belgrade. However, in the group stage they finished bottom having lost all four matches.
The club played at the Maccabi Petah Tikva ground between 1926 and the 1970s. Since they left the old Maccabi Petah Tikva ground they shared the 6,768-capacity Petah Tikva Municipal Stadium with city rivals Hapoel. At the end of 2011, the club moved to HaMoshava Stadium.
