Madhepura is part of the Mithila region and the people here speak the Maithili language. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom. During the late Vedic period, Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas. The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajji confederacy, which had its capital in the city ofVaishali, which is also in Mithila. Madhepura district as it stands now was carved out of Saharsa district and got the status of revenue district on 9 May 1981. Prior to that, Madhepura was a sub-division under Bhagalpur district with effect from 3 September 1845. Subsequently, it was on 1 April 1954 that Saharsa district was carved out of Bhagalpur district.
Geography
Madhepura district occupies an area of, comparatively equivalent to Russia's Bolshoy Shantar Island. Madhepura district is surrounded by Araria and Supaul district in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur district in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West. It is situated in the Plains of River Koshi and located in the Northeastern part of Bihar at latitude between 25°. 34 to 26°.07' and longitude between 86°.19' to 87°.07'. The district has 2 sub-divisions - Madhepura and Uda Kishunganj, 13 blocks, 13 police stations, 170 panchayats and 434 revenue villages. The total population of Madhepura, as per census of the year 2001 is 15,24,596 of which 7,96,272 are male and 7,29,324 are female. Literacy rate is 36.9% as against the national rate of 64.8% and state rate of 47%. The density of population is 859 per km2.
Climate
The maximum temperature of this district ranges from 35 to 45 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature varies from 7 to 9 degree Celsius. The average rain fall in this district is 1300mm.
According to the 2011 census Madhepura district has a population of 2,001,762, roughly equal to the nation of Slovenia. This gives it a ranking of 232nd in India. The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 30.65%. Madhepura has a sex ratio of 914 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 53.78%. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 55.35% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 38.43% Maithili, 5.71% Urdu and 0.40% Santali as their first language.
Religious place
Singeshwar temple
Madhepura is also in the limelight for Singheshwar Temple that the Istha Linga of Lord Shiva established in it. The Barah Purana also refers to Singheshwar as Shringeshwar. Mahakavi Vidyapati also refers to it in his literature in the 14th century. The Valmiki Ramayana gives due reference of Rishi Shringa Ashram. Lord Shiva has been imagined to be residing on the bank of his favourite and affectionate river Kosi in the epic Kumar Shambhavam written by Mahakavi Kalidas. As per another belief, Lord Vishnu himself established this linga. The present temple was erected by Kushan dynasty. In early survey, the temple is recorded in the name of one Bhanu Das. They say that a night's stay at Singheswar gives the fruit of the gift of thousand cows.
Healthcare is provided by a combination of public and private-sector hospitals. *
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Education
834 Govt. schools are imparting education in the districts. Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University is situated at the district headquarter, Madhepura and adding glory to the educational atmosphere of this district.
Madhepura is connected with road ways and railways.
See the Block-wise transport Map here.
Roadways
The district is connected with neighbouring districts and with nearby cities outside the state. National highway No.107 and National Highway No.106 passes through the district. Daily buses carry passengers inter-state as well as within the city.
Shivratri is most celebrated festivals of Madhepura. Common Indian Festivals such as Holi, Diwali, Eid ul fitar, Eid ul zoha, Durga Puja, Vijayadashami, Saraswati puja and moharram are celebrated with great pomp and show in the city.
