Mangbetu language


Mangbetu, or Nemangbetu, is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages. It is spoken by the Mangbetu people of northeastern Congo. It, or its speakers, are also known as Amangbetu, Kingbetu, Mambetto. The most populous dialect, and the one most widely understood, is called Medje. Others are Aberu, Makere, Malele, Popoi. The most divergent is Lombi; Ethnologue treats it as a distinct language. About half of the population speaks Bangala, a trade language similar to Lingala, and in southern areas some speak Swahili.
The Mangbetu live in association with the Asua Pygmies, and their languages are closely related.

Dialects

Mangbetu dialects and locations as listed by Demolin :

Vowels

lowlow-midhigh-midnear-highhigh
frontaɛeɪi
backɔoʊu

Consonants

bilabiallabio-dentalalveolarpost-alveolarretroflexpalatalvelarlabial-velarglottal
nasalmnŋ
stopp, b, ɓ, ᵐbt, d, ɗ, ⁿdk, g, ɠ, ᵑɡk͡p, ɡ͡b, ᵑ͡ᵐɡ͡b
affricatet̠ʃ, d̠ʒ
sibilants, z, ⁿz
fricativeɸ, βf, v, ᶬvh
approximantljw
tapɽ
trillʙ̥, ʙ

Common allophones occur for // as , // as , // as and // as . The language also contains the poorly attested phonemes //, //, and //.

Other Features

One unusual feature of Mangbetu is that it has both a voiced and a voiceless bilabial trill as well as a labial flap.
The labial trills are not particularly associated with back vowels or prenasalization, pace their development in some American languages.