The style is also often associated in Argentina with the californiano , another vernacular type of house close connected with the AmericanMission Revival style. Mar del Plata's features, however, are closely related to the picturesque architecture, already popular among the upper-class people who used to spend summertime in this resort city between 1910 and 1930, and to the American Craftsman style. The precursor of the style was the Italian-born engineer Alula Baldassarini, who popularized the use of stone on the frontispieces in 1925. Some of this early examples were labeled chalet inglés, a type of bungalow or cottage which flourished between 1925 and 1935. Baldassarini also developed a technique known as bastón roto , which consisted in rectangular stone bricks irregularly arranged on vertical and horizontal joints. At the beginning of the 20th century, the upward social mobility was quite more dynamic in Mar del Plata than in Buenos Aires itself, paving the road for a strong middle class, based on tourist services, the building industry and a prosperous commerce. It was during this time that a new urban profile was born in the city, not by a process in which guidelines were designed by technocrats, but by a "democratic" one. This is the environment in which the Mar del Plata style emerged. The chalet marplatense became the materialization of the middle-class ideals, and it is at crossroads between the upper-class summer residences and the domestic scale, regarding both its social and architectural syncretism. The houses also developed among the immigrants a sense of belonging to their new country. The rise of the style broke the hegemony of Buenos Aires within Argentina's architectural scene.
Features
The chalets were at first the production of builders with a great experience in the building of the eclectic style mansions for summer, but without the skills of a real technician. Nonetheless, the first generation of architects from Mar del Plata, led by young professionals like Auro Tiribelli, Alberto Córsico Piccolini, José V. Coll, Gabriel Barroso or Raúl Camusso played a key role in the consolidation of the style. Some sources think of Tiribelli as the creator of this type of house. The chalet marplatense is the translation of the main characteristics of the eclecticism to the domestic space: quartzite stoned facades, pantiles or monk and nun roof tiles, gabled roofs, dormers, blind dormers, chimneys, ornamental timber frames or log structures, flowerbeds, front gardens, decorative door ironworks, decorative mission lanterns and grilles, prominent eaves and front porches. The orthoquartzite is also known in Argentina as Piedra Mar del Plata, both because its use on the houses of this style and the abundance of sandstone quarries southwest of the city. The orthoquartzite has been proposed for nomination to the Global Heritage Stone Resource. There is the possibility of a subcategorization depending of the main style upon which the chalet is based. In fact, Alberto Córsico Piccolini used to characterize some of his works as normando simplificado when the basic design of the houses displays some features of the Norman architecture at domestic scale. The style raised some criticism, mostly because the overlapping of rooms and spaces on a reduced area. This characteristic, however, adds contextual value to the townscape where the chalets are homogeneously grouped, usually semi-detached. Architect and researcher Javier Sáez describes this type of house as one of "domestic ostentation" of the "home of your dreams". He goes even further by coining the phrase "domestic obscenity". Saéz also notices, rather than a syncretism, a conflict between the bourgeoisie pretense of the facades and the obvious taylorization of the floor plans.
Preservation
The neighbourhoods of La Perla, Stella Maris, Playa Grande, Punta Mogotes and Alfar have today the main concentrations of Mar del Plata style houses. These seaside areas attracted many middle-class tourists, particularly La Perla, thus the chalet played the dual role of home in winter and house for rentin the summer season. The oldest residences built in Sierra de los Padres, a hilly area 12 mlles west of the city, are also Mar del Plata style chalets. Mass tourism since the 1950s, however, put at risk the survival of the traditional picturesque architecture in Mar del Plata, including the chalet marplatense, in favour of condominiums. There is a municipal agency which provides tax benefits for the owners to secure the maintenance or restoration of the houses and a handbook with preservation guidelines, created by architect Lorena Marina Sánchez. The style gives a strong identity to Mar del Plata's urban environment and marks the city's evolution from a seasonal resort into a permanent city.
