March 2019 North American blizzard
The March 2019 North American blizzard was a powerful Colorado Low that produced up to two feet of snow in the plains and Midwest. Rapid snowmelt following the storm caused historic flooding, and some areas received hurricane-force wind gusts. Comparable to the 1993 Storm of the Century, the storm was labeled a bomb cyclone after barometric pressure readings dropped in excess of over a 24-hour period. After the storm entered Colorado from its origination in Arizona, the pressure dropped more than and rapidly intensified over the western High Plains. The severe storm set new all-time record low barometric pressure readings in Colorado, Kansas and New Mexico. The storm itself killed only one person in Colorado, but flooding caused by the storm killed at least 3, one in Iowa and at least two in Nebraska and left ~140,000 without power in Texas.
Meteorological history
The system originated from an extratropical low that developed in the Gulf of Alaska on March 8. Over the next two days, the system moved southeastward, bringing rainy and windy conditions to California on March 11, and the system was named "Winter Storm Ulmer" by The Weather Channel later that day, due to the storm's expected impacts. Early on March 12, the system moved onshore in Southern California, subsequently developing into a strong Colorado Low over the Southwestern United States. Late on March 12 through early March 13, the already-unusually strong Colorado low underwent explosive intensification, with the storm's minimum central pressure falling from to in roughly 16 hours, more than meeting the criteria for a weather bomb or "bomb cyclone". The storm's tight pressure gradient allowed wind gusts in excess of 100 mph to develop in the Texas Panhandle. As the storm headed northward towards the Great Lakes, blizzard conditions were reported in several States, from Colorado all the way north into North Dakota and flooding hit the southern portions of those states. The storm also began weakening.Impacts
United States
At least 1 million acres of U.S. farmland, in nine major grain producing states, were flooded after the storm.Alabama
Damage, potentially from tornadoes, was reported in nine counties in the state. So far, damage has been linked to tornadoes in only three counties.Colorado
The storm underwent explosive cyclogenesis as it tracked across the Southern Rocky Mountains. Colorado experienced heavy snow and hurricane-force wind gusts from the blizzard, up to as much as. of snow was recorded in the Denver region with reported in Nederland, Colorado. The storm brought wind gusts that exceeded Category 2 hurricane strength with gusts reaching recorded at Peterson Air Force Base and a gust recorded in Glen Haven. A Category 1 force wind gust of was reported at Denver International Airport. The combination of high winds and snowy conditions forced the cancellation of all flights in and out of Denver International Airport most of the day March 13th and a third of the flights scheduled for March 14th. The rapid intensification of the storm over Colorado may have set a new all-time record low pressure record of in La Junta, which is somewhat lower than the previous record for Colorado set in 1973 at. Numerous vehicular accidents were reported with at least 1,000 people stranded on the highways, requiring rescue by the National Guard and emergency services providers. A Colorado State Patrol officer was killed by one driver who lost control of his vehicle on Interstate 76 northeast of Denver.Indiana
The town of Lowell may have been impacted by a tornado. Nonetheless, a tornado warning was issued for part of the state.Iowa
was also affected by heavy rains and flooding, closing parts of all nine state parks. Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds signed an emergency disaster proclamation March 14th. One man was killed in Iowa. Flooding across Iowa was described as "catastrophic" especially in the Missouri River Valley south of Council Bluffs, Iowa. There, at least 30 levee failures flooded towns and highways. Interstate 29 was closed from Council Bluffs to the Missouri state border and from there to St. Joseph, Missouri, with portions of the interstate under of water.Kentucky
The state was affected by severe thunderstorms that produced several tornadoes. Most notably, an EF-2 spotted near West Paducah, strong enough to rip part of the roof off of the Mount Zion church. Other tornadoes were also spotted, one in Morgansfield and the other 7 miles north of Corydon.Kansas
Meteorologists were forecasting a record low barometric pressure reading as the storm passed over Kansas. The current record set in 1878 at and the storm was forecast to have a slightly lower reading, the equivalent of a Category 2 Hurricane. Dodge City, Kansas reported a new record low pressure.Michigan
Upwards of 70 buildings in Vernon were damaged by an EF2 tornado late on March 14th. Strong winds and flooding also affected the state.Nebraska
Western Nebraska experienced severe wind gusts and more than a foot of snow in some localities. A wind gust of was recorded in Hemingford, Nebraska and Interstate 80 was closed from Kearney, Nebraska to the Wyoming border. The Interstate 80 closure in Nebraska along with the portions closed in Wyoming spanned a distance of more than. In the eastern half of the state, rapidly melting snows along with frozen rivers caused record setting flooding in many rivers and streams. On the Niobrara River, the Spencer Dam collapsed and the unregulated flooding destroyed 3 bridges downstream including the Highway 281 bridge. In east central Nebraska, residents along the flooded Missouri, Platte and Elkhorn Rivers were forced to evacuate as some locals experienced all-time record flooding. The city of Norfolk, Nebraska evacuated a third of its residents. The Platte and Elkhorn Rivers had overflowed their levees in the greater Omaha, Nebraska region and some communities were put under a mandatory evacuation order. The Platte River at numerous sites had reached flooding of "historical proportions" with some sites breaking all-time record flood levels by as much as. By March 15, access to the city of Fremont was blocked due to all roads being closed in and out of the city. This remained the case days later with national guard military convoys being set up to get food and other supplies into the city. Offutt Air Force Base had extensive flooding from the Platte River and of their only runway was covered in water while 30 buildings had been flooded. As of March 18, 2 persons were reported to have drowned in Nebraska and 2 more are missing and presumed dead. On March 18, Nebraska governor Pete Ricketts stated that the floods caused "the most extensive damage our state has ever experienced." Losses from flooding in Nebraska alone exceeds $1.3 Billion, including $449 million in infrastructure damage, $440 million of crop damage, $400 million of lost cattle. More than 2,000 homes and 340 businesses were damaged or destroyed, costing the state another $85 million.In the central parts of Nebraska, large ice slabs were reported to have destroyed crops, and Sub-Zero conditions often hurt livestock. An additional round of Flooding is said to have wiped out some farms for years.
New Mexico
A new all-time low barometric pressure reading for New Mexico was set in Clayton and wind gusts of were recorded in Cloudcroft, New Mexico. In addition, powerful thunderstorms moving through the state spawned several tornadoes, damaging many homes.Oklahoma
A high wind warning was issued by the National Weather Service as thunderstorms with 50 mph wind gusts downed power lines, tree branches, some fences, and caused other kinds of minor wind damage across Oklahoma City and its suburbs.South Dakota
The City of Pierre achieved full on blizzard conditions. These conditions prompted the closure of the I-90 from Wall to Chamberlain. 18.3 inches of snow fell in Kadoka and winds gusted to 70 mph in Rapid City.Texas
At San Augustin Pass and at Pine Springs, Texas wind gusts of respectively were recorded. At Grand Prairie's municipal airport, a wind gust of 109 mph tore through, flipping several small airplanes. Winds were great enough in the Texas panhandle to blow over numerous tractor-trailers.Wyoming
were reported for all of eastern Wyoming, especially in the southeastern sections of the state from Casper to the state capital in Cheyenne. Snowfalls in excess of one foot were recorded in several locations with wind gusts of in Carbon County. Both Interstate 25 and 80 were closed through most of the state.An additional snow squall moved across Southeast Wyoming Friday through Sunday, adding 1-2 inches of snow. Due to the location of the low, many areas were above freezing and had rain instead, which prompted the NWS to issue Flood watches and warnings in the area.