Mariela Castro


Mariela Castro Espín is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education in Havana, as well as the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People, and an activist for LGBT rights in Cuba. Castro is an outspoken advocate for the LGBT+ community and has publicly stated that she will fight for their rights even if it means going against her own family. Castro is widely known as one of the main drivers for the fight for acceptance of the LGBT+ community, especially in Latin American countries—most notably, Cuba—as well as dissolving some of the antiquated stigmas and stereotypes that surround the community. She is the daughter of Communist Party First Secretary Raúl Castro and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín, and the niece of former First Secretary Fidel Castro.

Early life

Mariela Castro is the daughter of Communist Party First Secretary Raúl Castro and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín, and the niece of former First Secretary and prominent Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro. She has a brother, Alejandro Castro Espín. Castro states that as a child, she grew up in a homophobic society where members of the LGBT+ community were targeted relentlessly in terms of both law and policy and societal standards and traditional expectations. Castro stated later in life that she and her peers would “laugh at gays, make fun of them”. In the 1960s, members of the LGBT+ community were directly attacked and even placed in internment, or concentration camps. After speaking with some of her friends in the LGBT+ community, however, she gained a newfound awareness of the issues they face.

Career

Castro modeled the Cuban National Center for Sex Education after the Federation of Cuban Women, which was established by her mother in 1960. The Federation of Cuban Women, along with other organizations at the time, was created as a result of women and other members of marginalized groups expressing their readiness to be involved in social change. One of their major efforts included a proposal for a change to the government family code that defined marriage as a union between two people, regardless of gender. Castro once stated in an interview that the federation "spearheaded efforts to confront machismo in many arenas." After the Federation was established, the public, economic, and social position of women in Cuba at the time rose dramatically - employment and equal pay opportunities for women arose, as well as maternity leave and the concept of social security for women. In 1996, along with the Cuban Ministries of Education, the Cuban National Center for Sex Education created a National Sex Education Program for Cuban schools to teach children about sex in terms of procreation and as a means of pleasure and holistic well-being, gender equality, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted infections.
In 2008, the National Center for Sex Education and the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People established May as an awareness month about LGBT issues, specifically homo- and trans-phobia. The month of May is turned into a month of awareness as well as festive activities centered around and planned by members of the LGBT+ community, and is centered around the annual International Day Against Homophobia on May 17.. The National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People campaigns for effective AIDS prevention as well as recognition and acceptance of LGBT human rights. In 2005, she proposed a project to allow transgender people to receive sex reassignment surgery and change their legal gender. The measure became law in June 2008 which allows sex change surgery for Cubans without charge. Since the project proposal became law, the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People has attended to more than 120 applications and has performed nearly a dozen surgeries.
Mariela Castro is president of the Cuban Multidisciplinary Centre for the Study of Sexuality, president of the National Commission for Treatment of Disturbances of Gender Identity, member of the Direct Action Group for Preventing, Confronting, and Combatting AIDS, and an executive member of the World Association for Sexual Health. She is also the director of the journal Sexología y Sociedad, a magazine of Sexology edited by her own National Center for Sex Education. Castro’s work and research with CENESEX, as well as various organizations that are centered on the research about and the lowering of stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS, has led to immense positive changes in the sexual health in Cuba as a whole. Cuba has one of the lowest rates of HIV infection rates. In addition, those with the virus have access to free antiretroviral drugs through the country’s health system.
Castro has published 13 scholarly articles and nine books.
Castro is a sitting member of the National Assembly of People's Power. When the assembly voted in 2014 to ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment, Castro opposed the legislation because it did not also include protection on the basis of gender identity, and became possibly the first legislator in the body's history ever to vote against a piece of legislation.
On May 5, 2013, Castro traveled to Philadelphia in order to accept an award from Equality Forum, a nonprofit organization centered on awareness for the LGBT+ community, for her work with her organizations that spread awareness about the issues that those in the LGBT+ community face. The leader and founder of the group, Malcom Lazin, stated that “She is truly an international hero for LGBT equality” and that she has made “remarkable changes for LGBT Cubans.”
In May of 2018 at a press conference, Castro announced that she would push for same-sex marriage to be included in a constitutional reform beginning in July. Castro also stated the need for tougher sanctions for anti-LGBT+ discrimination and violence.
On September 26, 2019, it was revealed that the administration of President of the United States, Donald Trump, issued a travel ban on Cuban leader Raul Castro and his children as a result of Castro’s support for Venezuela, spearheaded by Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated that “ Castro is responsible for Cuba’s actions to prop up the former Maduro regime in Venezuela through violence, intimidation and repression”.

Personal life

Castro is married to Italian Paolo Titolo, General Manager of Amorim Negócios Internacionais, S.A. in Cuba, and has one child with him, and two daughters from her previous marriage with the Chilean former FPMR member Juan Gutiérrez Fischmann.

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