Material properties (thermodynamics)
The thermodynamic properties of materials are intensive thermodynamic parameters which are specific to a given material. Each is directly related to a second order differential of a thermodynamic potential. Examples for a simple 1-component system are:
where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature, S is entropy, and N is the number of particles.
For a single component system, only three second derivatives are needed in order to derive all others, and so only three material properties are needed to derive all others. For a single component system, the "standard" three parameters are the isothermal compressibility, the specific heat at constant pressure, and the coefficient of thermal expansion.
For example, the following equations are true:
The three "standard" properties are in fact the three possible second derivatives of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature and pressure.
