Matthew Bonnan is an American paleobiologist and a Professor of Biological Sciences at Stockton University. His research combines traditional descriptive and anatomical study with computer-aided morphometric analysis and modeling of vertebrate skeletons. See also Dr. Bonnan's blog on his research and teaching at .
Research and teaching
Bonnan's research focuses on three broad but interconnected areas of research: 1) the evolution of dinosaur locomotion, particularly in the giant, long-necked sauropod dinosaurs; 2) the evolution of an erect posture from a sprawled posture in dinosaurs and mammals; and 3) the evolution of pronation and supination in the forelimb of tetrapods. To these ends, he has utilized traditional anatomical approaches as well as state-of-the-art computer modeling to understand and infer how the limbs of both extinct and extant tetrapods have evolved and adapted. Currently, he has begun to utilize XROMM to produce three-dimensional animations of small animal bones in vivo. His current research focuses on the three-dimensional kinematics of lizard and mammal forelimbs, as means to "reverse engineer" how early dinosaur and mammal relatives may have moved and stood. Dr. Bonnan teaches a variety of anatomy-based and evolutionary biology courses at Stockton University covering diverse topics such as vertebrate embryology, comparative vertebrate anatomy, vertebrate evolution, systematics, dinosaurs, and general zoology.
Dr. Bonnan's overarching research focus is the evolution of dinosaur locomotion and its links to dinosaur gigantism. To this end:
he has examined the evolution and shape of the manus and pes of sauropods and its relationship to locomotion and weight support
he has studied the relationship between the ability to pronate the manus in archosaurs and its expressions in sauropods and their ancestors
he has used geometric morphometrics to evaluate and statistically analyze patterns in sauropod long bone scaling
he has studied the link between bipedalism, sexual dimorphism, and limb proportions in archosaurs using the American alligator as a model
he has searched for and described a new transitional dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa that sheds much-needed light on the beginnings of sauropod gigantism
he and colleagues have shown how to infer the missing joint shape in dinosaur long bones based on shape analysis of Alligator mississippiensis and two species of birds
he and colleagues provide evidence that thick, compliant cartilaginous joints may have been one of several factors that enabled dinosaur gigantism
XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology)
Recently, Bonnan's research focuses on the three-dimensional kinematics of lizard and mammal forelimbs, as means to "reverse engineer" how early dinosaur and mammal relatives may have moved and stood, using the XROMM technique pioneered at Brown University.
In 2016, Bonnan and colleagues published on the kinematics of the forelimb long bones in rats using XROMM. Bonnan and his colleagues showed that long axis rotations occurred in the humerus and radius bones of rats. Bonnan and colleagues suggested that, given the morphological similarity of rat forelimb bones and those of some of the earliest eutherian mammals, our early mammal ancestors may have clambered through the trees and overground in a manner similar to rats.
Videos of the reconstructed forelimb bone movements in rats can be viewed on Dr. Bonnan's YouTube channel
Currently, Dr. Bonnan has begun working with lizards, particularly bearded dragons and monitors, to study the 3-D kinematics of lizard forelimb locomotion.
In the spring of 2008, Dr. Bonnan was involved with a new Morrison Formation dinosaur quarry in Hanksville, Utah. His expertise in the concentration of Sauropod dinosaurs metapodials a were sought after by and aided the excavation efforts of the Burpee Museum of Natural History. Dr. Bonnan continues to assist the Burpee Museum in excavating the Hanksville-Burpee site. He is also a co-discoverer of the almost-sauropod Aardonyx celestae which has garnered international media attention and should serve to illuminate the early beginnings of sauropod gigantism. He is a co-discoverer of an early "prosauropod" Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum He is a co-discoverer of an early true sauropod Pulanesaura eocollum
In 2016, Dr. Bonnan published a book, The Bare Bones: An Unconventional Evolutionary History of the Skeleton, designed to introduce undergraduates and curious lay readers to the anatomy and evolution of the vertebrate skeleton. Bonnan's book approaches the topic of vertebrate evolution from the perspective of the skeleton as a living machine, using analogies with technology and tools to help readers understand how vertebrate animals "work." Since its publication, the book has received several positive reviews
Understanding science & evolution
Dr. Bonnan runs a webpage on science and evolution where he discusses how the so-called "battle" between science and religion is false, and provides interested students and laypersons with information and podcasts on the scope and limits of science Dr. Bonnan now has a short educational video on the basic concept of biological evolution on YouTube.
The Evolving Paleontologist Blog
Dr. Bonnan runs and updates the Evolving Paleontologist Blog which blogs and posts on all topics related to vertebrate paleontology, functional morphology, evolutionary biology, and whatever else strikes his scientific interests.
