Thompson spent one week as number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking before turning professional in July 2008. In 2010 Thompson played on the Hooters Tour, and was named the 2010 Hooters Tour Player of the Year. In the 2010 PGA TourQ-School, Thompson finished tied for 16th, which earned him a 2011 PGA Tour card. After earning his spot through sectional qualifying, Thompson led after the first round of the 2012 U.S. Open after shooting a four-under par round of 66, which included seven birdies, to lead by three strokes. This was the low round of the week. He followed this up with rounds of 75-74 to enter the final round six back of the leaders. Thompson then completed a three-under par round of 67 to hold the clubhouse lead at +2, until Webb Simpson bettered it by a stroke. Thompson finished tied for second with Graeme McDowell to record his best finish in a major championship. Thompson moved up over 50 places in the Official World Golf Ranking to 52nd with this finish. After a number of players withdrew due to injury or personal reasons, Thompson earned entry into the 2012 Open Championship as an alternate due to his OWGR ranking. He went on to miss the cut. Thompson earned his first PGA Tour win at the 2013 Honda Classic. The win moved Thompson to a career-high 45th in the OWGR, up from 114th before the tournament. After 2013, Thompson only had a combined three top ten finishes. After finishing 145th in the FedEx Cup in 2016, he played in the Web.com Tour Finals and won the Albertsons Boise Open. On July 26, 2020, Thompson won the 3M Open at TPC Twin Cities just outside of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The win gave Thompson an exempt status on the Tour for two years and spots in both the WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational and the PGA Championship. Prior to the win, Thompson only had one other top-10 finish in the 2019–20 PGA Tour season, finishing T8 at the RBC Heritage. He missed the cut at the Workday Charity Opentwo weeks before the tournament, and finished outside of the top 45 in his other two appearances on Tour once play resumed after the COVID-19 hiatus. He missed the cut in seven of his first 11 appearances in the 2019–20 season, but at the first round of the 2020 Players Championship on March 12 at Sawgrass, Florida, Thompson shot a bogey-free 68, before the tournament was cancelled and the PGA Tour took a three month break.
Personal life
Thompson attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America while in high school. He is married to Rachel Thompson, who is a Doctor of Physical Therapy, and an Emory University graduate. She caddied for Thompson during his only win on the regular Hooters Tour. The two met while attending Tulane University together. Thompson and his wife have together adopted two children, in 2016 and 2020 respectively.