Miguel Luis Amunátegui


Miguel Luis Amunátegui Aldunate was a Chilean historian, politician, and writer. He was the brother of fellow historian Gregorio Víctor Amunátegui Aldunate.

Early life

Amunátegui was the son of José Domingo Amunátegui and Carmen Aldunate Irarrázaval, and was of Basque descent. At the age of fourteen, he lost his father, but General Ramón Freire became the family's protector, which the future historian deeply appreciated. He entered Chile's National Institute in 1840, where he became one of its most distinguished students. In 1846, he sat for his Latin examination under the great Venezuelan teacher Andrés Bello, who made him translate the poetry of Horace, a task he carried out with such care that it earned him Bello's affection.

Public life

Amunátegui began to work as a private tutor and earned a professorship in humanities at the National Institute, in spite of not meeting the prerequisite age of 21.
In October 1852, he joined the University of Chile as a professor, and he began participating in the ministry of public instruction. He was immediately summoned by the university president to make a historical report that he would present. On December 11, 1853, he read the prologue of his book, The O'Higgins Dictatorship, which was published shortly thereafter and was one of the notable literary events of the year. A few years later he received the university's award for best educational report, for his book On primary instruction in Chile: what it is, what it should be, in 1857. That year another of his books was also published, Condensed Political and Ecclesiastical History of Chile.
In 1849, he became a member of the newly forming liberal party and began to publish historical works in The Santiago Review. He received his first prize for his work in 1851 for The first three years of the Revolution in Chile, a book that had impact in Argentina and that produced responses and counter-responses on both sides of the Andes mountains.
In 1856, alongside other young intellectuals, he founded the Santiago Primary Instruction Society with the aim of combating the high illiteracy rate in Chile at the time.
He was elected representative for the first time in 1863, representing Caupolicán's department, remaining in parliament for 12 consecutive years.
On November 13 of 1868, President José Joaquín Pérez called him to the Interior ministry, entrusting to him a conciliation program with sights on the 1870 elections. He presided appropriately over the elections and, as they suffered numerous defects, he requested that they be corrected in the departments of Copiapó, Freirina, Putaendo, and Cauquenes. The conservatives requested a vote of censure that was rejected by 44 to 33. With this, he left the ministry.
In 1873, he was elected representative by Talca, and from his post there he fought, alongside Guillermo Matta, the educational policies of minister Abdón Cifuentes, who proposed changes to exams and where they would be held. He also supported an attempt to separate church and state the following year.
On February 12, 1875, he was proposed as presidential candidate at a banquet that was offered him in Valparaiso, but he declined the honor. In 1875, he returned to literary press, founding the Chilean Review, alongside Diego Barros Arana.
in 1876, he was named minister of education. He published a decree named Amunátegui Decree on February 6 of 1877, entitling women to take valid exams at the University of Chile so that they could opt for professional titles, under the condition that they be subject to the same conditions as men. It was because of this that in 1880 Eloísa Díaz presented an outstanding entrance exam before a committee including Diego Barros Arana and Ignacy Domeyko. During the exam, Minister Amunátegui awaited the committee's ruling in an adjacent room and celebrated with Díaz when she was accepted into the School of Medicine, becoming the first woman in America to be received by the university.
In spite of so much work, Amunátegui found time to publish new works such as The Life of Mr. Andrés Bello, Historical Connections, and The Earthquake of May 13, 1647''.
A representative for Valparaiso from 1884, he was shortly thereafter named minister of external relations. In this position, on January 22, 1888, he died of pneumonia. Faithful to his life's principles, he remained skeptical to his final hour, surrounded by family and friends.

Works

Preceded by:
Francisco Vargas Fontecilla 		Interior Minister and Foreign Affairs
1868-1870		Succeeded by:
Belisario Prats Pérez
Preceded by:
Alejandro Fierro Pérez		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1879		Succeeded by:
Domingo Santa María González
Preceded by:
Joaquín Godoy Cruz 		Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cult
1887		Succeeded by:
Francisco Freire Caldera