Mihal Grameno


Mihal Grameno was an Albanian nationalist, politician, writer, freedom fighter, and journalist.

Biography

Mihal Grameno was Albanian. Born in Korçë in a merchant family, he studied there at the local secondary school before emigrating to Romania in 1885. It was in Bucharest that he got involved in the Albanian National Awakening where the movement soon collapsed due to financial reasons in the extended family who were dependent on money.
In 1907, he joined the newly formed Çerçiz Topulli's kachak band, an early guerrilla unit fighting against Turkish troops in Albania. They were considered the Apostles of Albanianism and would go from village to village to discuss the Albanian predicament.
Turkish officials sent out military patrols to capture the bandits. The activity of the band consisted of only one battle in two years, when the 5 people band was surrounded by 150 Turkish units in Mashkullore. Four out of five escaped the encirclement. Other bands of this nature, not having a journalist in their company, such as Grameno have remained unsung heroes.
During the Young Turk Revolution, Adjuntant Major Ahmed Niyazi Bey met with guerilla leaders Topulli and Grameno on July 23 in Resne where he expressed his gratitude and viewed the declaration of the CUP constitution as advantageous for the Albanian nation. Grameno alongside Topulli and Niyazi appeared in photographs taken by the Manakis brothers during the revolution.
In 1909 Grameno founded in Korçë the Orthodox League and served as editor of its periodical with the same name during 1909–1910. In 1910 the organization proclaimed the establishment of an independent Albanian church, and was unrecognized by the Ottoman Empire. Grameno was arrested in 1910 by Ottoman authorities for his work with the newspaper Bashkimi i Kombit.
During the upheavals of 1911, Grameno traveled as a go between for Albanian revolutionaries in Albanian inhabited lands and leaders of the Albanian national movement in Istanbul to coordinate armed activities against the Ottoman Empire.
He also served as the editor of the weekly Koha, initially published in Korçë and later in Jamestown, New York where he lived from 1915 to 1919. He traveled back to Europe to represent Albania through the Albanian-American community at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and in the following year he returned in Albania.
In the 1920s he carried out his journalistic and literary activities until he retired from public life due to ill health. Resigned and seriously ill, he died on February 5, 1931 in Korçë.

Works

Mihal Grameno's published works include: