Morbillivirus


Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus currently included seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles: fever, and rash; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection.
GenusSpeciesVirus
MorbillivirusCanine morbillivirusCanine distemper virus
MorbillivirusCetacean morbillivirusCetacean morbillivirus
MorbillivirusFeline morbillivirusFeline morbillivirus
MorbillivirusFeline morbillivirus 2Feline morbillivirus 2
MorbillivirusMeasles morbillivirus*Measles virus
MorbillivirusOvine rinderpestPeste-des-petits-ruminants virus
MorbillivirusPhocine morbillivirusPhocine distemper virus
MorbillivirusRinderpest morbillivirusRinderpest virus

Table legend: "*" denotes type species

Structure

Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15-16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins.
GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
MorbillivirusSphericalEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding.
Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are respiratory.
GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
MorbillivirusHumans, dogs, cats, cetaceans-GlycoproteinBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmAerosols