Morus nigra


Morus nigra, called black mulberry or blackberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to southwestern Asia and the Iberian Peninsula, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown. It is known for its large number of chromosomes, 308. Other mulberry species are sometimes confused with black mulberry, particularly black-fruited individuals of the white mulberry, but black mulberry can be distinguished by the uniformly hairy lower leaf surface.

Description

Morus nigra is a deciduous tree growing to tall by broad. The leaves are long by broad - up to long on vigorous shoots, downy on the underside, the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs.
The edible fruit is dark purple, almost black, when ripe, long, a compound cluster of several small drupes; it is richly flavoured, similar to the red mulberry but unlike the more insipid fruit of the white mulberry.

Cultivation and uses

Black mulberry has long been cultivated for its edible fruit and is planted and often naturalised west across much of Europe, including Ukraine, and east into China.
Black mulberries are thought to have originated in the mountainous areas of Mesopotamia and Persia and are now widespread throughout Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, India, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, and Turkey, where the tree and the fruit are known by the Persian-derived names toot or shahtoot , or, in Arabic, shajarat tukki. Jams and sherbets are often made from the fruit in this region.
The black mulberry was imported into Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms. It was unsuccessful because silkworms prefer the white mulberry but has left a legacy of large and old trees in many country house gardens.
The largest documented local concentration of black mulberries in Europe can be found in the vineyards of Pukanec in Slovakia.

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