Mumbai Metro
The Mumbai Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, and the wider metropolitan region. The system is designed to reduce traffic congestion in the city, and supplement the overcrowded Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is being built in three phases over a 15-year period, with overall completion expected in 2025. When completed, the core system will comprise eight high-capacity metro railway lines, spanning a total of , and serviced by 200 stations.
As of August 2018, Mumbai metro consisted of 1 operational line, and 4 lines under various stages of construction.
Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro Line 1 is operated by Mumbai Metro One Private Limited, a joint venture between Reliance Infrastructure, MMRDA, and Veolia Transport RATP Asia, France. While lines 2, 4, 6, 7, 5 and their extensions will be built by MMRDA, the completely underground line 3 will be built by Mumbai Metro Railway Corporation Limited. The total financial outlay for the expansion of the metro system beyond the currently operational Line 1 is, to be funded through a mix of equity and bilateral, multilateral as well as syndicated debt. In another boost to connectivity, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority has decided to connect Mumbai and Virar with a Metro line.
In June 2006, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the first phase of the Mumbai Metro project, although construction work began in February 2008. A successful trial run was conducted in May 2013, and the system's first line entered into operation on. Many metro projects were being delayed because of late environmental clearances and land acquisition troubles.
History
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. It is among the largest cities in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of over 20 million as of 2011, and a population growth rate of around 2% per annum. Mumbai has the advantage of a high modal share of the public in favour of a public mass transport system. The existing Mumbai Suburban Railway carries over 7 million passengers per day, and is supplemented by the Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport bus system, which provides feeder services to station-going passengers to allow them to complete their journeys. Until 1980s, transport in Mumbai was not a big problem. The discontinuation of trams resulted in a direct increase of passenger pressure on the suburban railway network. By 2010 the population of Mumbai doubled. However, due to the city's geographical constraints and rapid population growth, road and rail infrastructure development has not been able to keep pace with growing demand over the last 4-5 decades. Moreover, the Mumbai Suburban Railway, though extensive, is not built to rapid transit specifications. The main objective of the Mumbai Metro is to provide mass rapid transit services to people within an approach distance of between 1 and 2 kilometres, and to serve the areas not connected by the existing Suburban Rail network.| Phase | Line | Name of the corridor | Length |
| Phase I | 1 | Versova - Andheri – Ghatkopar | 11.07 |
| Phase I | 2 | Bandra - Kurla – Mankhurd | 13.37 |
| Phase I | 3 | Colaba - Bandra – Seepz | 38.24 |
| Phase II | 4 | Charkop - Dahisar | 7.5 |
| Phase II | 5 | Ghatkopar – Mulund | 12.4 |
| Phase III | 6 | BKC - Kanjurmarg via Airport | 19.5 |
| Phase III | 7 | Bandra - Dahisar | 16.5 |
| Phase III | 8 | Hutatma Chowk – Ghatkopar | 21.8 |
| Phase III | 9 | Sewri – Prabhadevi | 3.5 |
The Government of Maharashtra through the MMRDA, in order to improve the transportation scenario in Mumbai and to cater to the future travel needs in the next 2-3 decades, began exploring the viability of various alternative mass transit systems which are efficient, economically viable and environment-friendly. In this context, a detailed feasibility study was carried out under Indo-German technical co-operation by entrusting the consultancy work to TEWET in association with DE-Consult and TCS, during 1997–2000. The study recommended a mass transit corridor from Andheri to Ghatkopar as potentially bankable and economically viable, after examining a number of alternative corridors and alignments. This study was updated by MMRDA in May 2004. Meanwhilation prepared the master plan for Mumbai metro, wherein they recommended extending the Andheri-Ghatkopar section to Versova as part of the master plan and identified it as a priority corridor for implementation. The State Government declared the project as a "public vital infrastructure project" and designated the MMRDA as the Project Implementation Agency. The master plan unveiled by the MMRDA in 2004 encompassed a total of of track, of which would be underground. The Mumbai Metro was proposed to be built in three phases, at an estimated cost of 19,525 crore. In September 2009, the proposed Hutatma Chowk – Ghatkopar was reduced to a line between Hutatma Chowk and Carnac Bunder.
In 2011, the MMRDA unveiled plans for an extended Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ metro line. According to its earlier plans, a 20-km Colaba-to-Bandra metro line was to be constructed, running underground for from Colaba to Mahalaxmi, and then on an elevated track from Mahalaxmi to Bandra. However, the MMRDA decided to increase ridership on the line by running it out past Bandra to Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport. The Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ line will be built at a cost of, and will be the city's first underground metro line. It will have 27 stations.
On 27 February 2012, the Union Government gave in-principle approval to the plan for Line 3. Money for the project is being borrowed from Japanese International Cooperation Agency, the state government, the central government, and others. In April 2012, the MMRDA announced plans to grant the Mumbai Metro Rail Company increased management autonomy, in an effort to enhance the project's operational efficiency. In July 2012, the MMRDA announced plans to add more metro lines to its existing plan, including a line parallel to the Western Express Highway from Bandra to Dahisar. This line is expected to reduce the passenger load on the Western Line and vehicle traffic on the highway. Another proposed route, the, 28-station Wadala–Kasarvadvali line, received in-principle approval from the state government in 2013. The MMRDA also intends to convert the proposed Lokhandwala–SEEPZ–Kanjurmarg monorail route into a metro line.
in March 2012.
The Mumbai Metro master plan was revised by the MMRDA in 2012, increasing the total length of the proposed network to 160.90 km. In June 2015, two new lines were proposed. A line from Andheri West to Dahisar West, and a line from BKC to Mankhurd. The following table shows the updated master plan unveiled by the MMRDA:
| Line | Name of Corridor | Length | Stations | Estimated cost | Status | Opening |
| 1 | Versova–Andheri–Ghatkopar | 11.40 | 12 | ₹4,321 crores | Opened | 8 June 2014 |
| 2 | 2A: Dahisar-Malad-DN Nagar | 18.5 | 17 | ₹6,410 crores | Under Construction | 2020 |
| 2 | 2B: DN Nagar-Mandala | 23.6 | 22 | ₹10,986 crores | Under Construction | 2022 |
| 3 | Colaba - Bandra – SEEPZ | 33.5 | 27 | ₹24,430 crore | Under Construction | December 2021 |
| 4 | Wadala–Ghatkopar-Mulund–Teen Hath Naka–Kasarvadavali | 32.32 | 32 | ₹14,549crore | Under Construction | 2021 |
| 4A | Kasarwadavali-Gaimukh | 2.7 | 2 | ₹949 crores | Under Construction | 2022 |
| 5 | Thane-Bhiwandi-Kalyan | 24.9 | 17 | ₹8,417 crores | Under Construction | 2022 |
| 6 | Lokhandwala-Jogeshwari-Kanjurmarg | 14.5 | 13 | ₹6,716 crores | Under Construction | 2022 |
| 7 | Dahisar - Bandra | 16.5 | 13 | ₹6,208 crores | Under Construction | 2020 |
| 7A | Andheri-CSIA | 3.17 | 2 | TBA | Under Construction | 2022 |
| 8 | CSIA T2-NMIA | 35 | ₹15,000 crores | Proposed | ||
| 9 | Dahisar -Mira-Bhayander | 10.3 | 8 | ₹6,518 crores | Under Construction | |
| 10 | Gaimukh-Shivaji Chowk | 9.2 | 9 | ₹5,000 crores | Approved | |
| 11 | Wadala-CSMT | 12.7 | 11 | ₹8,739 crores | Approved | |
| 12 | Kalyan-Dombivali-Taloja | 20.7 | 17 | ₹5,865 crores | Approved | |
| 13 | Mira Bhayander-Virar | 23 | TBA | ₹6,900 | Proposed | |
| 14 | Kanjurmarg-Badlapur | 45 | TBA | ₹13,500 | Approved | |
| Total | ₨1,40,814+ Crores |
On 18 February 2013, the MMRDA signed a memorandum of understanding with Transport for London, the transit authority in Greater London. The arrangement will facilitate the exchange of information, personnel and technology in the transportation sector.
The revised Mumbai Metro master plan had proposed a line along the Thane-Teen Haath Naka-Kaapurbavdi-Ghodbunder Road route. The feasibility report concluded that the line was not feasible as most residents of Thane and its neighbouring areas travelled to Mumbai for work daily. On 14 June 2014, Chavan announced that the MMRDA was instead examining a proposal for a metro line along the new proposed route of Wadala-Ghatkopar-Teen Haat Naka route. RITES will prepare the detailed project report and is expected to submit it by August 2014. The preliminary report proposed a 32 km line with 29 stations, to be built at an estimated cost of 22,000 crore. This would be the fourth line of the metro, after the previously proposed Charkop-Dahisar route was merged with the Charkop-Bandra-Mankhurd route to form Line 2.
Following the opening of Line 1, MMRDA metropolitan commissioner UPS Madan stated that the authority would focus on constructing the Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ, Dahisar-Bandra-Mankhurd, and Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali lines. He also stated that the other proposed lines had not been cancelled and that they may be implemented in the future. In May 2015, the MMRDA stated that it had begun planning for the Andheri-Dahisar line and Seepz-Kanjurmarg. Both lines are expected to be elevated, although the latter could be constructed underground if a proposal to extend Line 3 to Kanjurmarg is undertaken. DPRs for both lines had been prepared in 2004, along with the master plan, and the MMRDA would now update the DPRs. The agency also intends to construct Line 9 of the metro as an underground corridor from Sewri to Worli. However, planning for the project will only begun after the construction of the proposed Mumbai Trans Harbour Link commences.
In a report on 14 November 2014 about the cancellation of the PPP agreement for Line 2, Mint quoted a senior MMRDA official as stating, "as decided earlier, all future lines of Mumbai Metro will be constructed by the Mumbai Metro Railway Corp. Ltd, a joint venture between the state government and the Union government." On 20 May 2015, Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis requested officials to consider constructing the Charkop-Bandra-Dahisar and the Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali lines as elevated corridors. Although, both corridors had been planned as elevated lines in the Mumbai Metro master plan, the previous Congress-NCP had decided to construct all metro lines underground, after delays and difficulties caused by acquiring land for Line 1. However, Chief Minister Fadnavis believes that the two proposed lines can be constructed quicker and cheaper if they were elevated due to the proposed route of the alignment. The Government plans to implement all future metro lines as elevated corridors. On 15 June 2015, the MMRDA announced that it would implement Line 2 of the metro in three parts. The Andheri-Dahisar line will have connectivity with the existing Line 1 and the proposed JVLR-Kanjurmarg line.
In June 2015, Fadnavis announced that he would request the DMRC to assist in the implementation of the Mumbai Metro. He stated that he intends to expand the metro system by 109 km before the state assembly elections in October 2019. In July 2015, UPS Madan announced that the State Government formally appointed the DMRC to revise and update the Mumbai Metro master plan. The DMRC will prepare DPRs for the Andheri East to Dahisar East, Jogeshwari to Kanjurmarg, Andheri West to Dahisar West and Bandra Kurla Complex to Mankhurd lines. The Andheri-Dahisar line will have connectivity with the existing Line 1 and the proposed JVLR-Kanjurmarg line. All four lines are proposed to be elevated and constructed as cash contracts. The lines are estimated to cost a total of, or about per km. In addition, the planned Line 3 and Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavli line of the metro would also be constructed.
Fadnavis announced on 8 April 2017 that the government was considering a circular metro loop line along the Kalyan-Dombivli-Taloja route. The proposed 15 km line would link Kalyan and Shil Phata with 13 stations, bring metro connectivity to Kalyan East, Dombivli, Ambernath and Diva.
Current Status
These route are currently operational nowNetwork
Lines on the Mumbai Metro are currently identified by numbers. In March 2016, MMRDA Metropolitan Commissioner, U.P.S. Madan, announced that all lines on the system would be color-coded after more lines are opened.;Status legend:
§ Numbers in italics denote data that is estimated
৳ Lines labeled Approved are either in DPR stage, or have not yet entered the planning stage, while those labelled Planned are awaiting clearances to enter the tendering stage
± UG=Underground; EL=Elevated; AG-EMB=At-Grade/Embankment
§§ Subject to periodic/seasonal changes without prior notice. Start times denote the beginning of the first service of the day; End times denote the end of the last service of the day/next day
≈ Number of rakes operational x Number of coaches/rake
§§§Extrapolated from weekday daily ridership numbers reported for the last reported fiscal
Lines
Blue line
Line 1 connects Versova in the Western Suburbs to Ghatkopar in the Central Suburbs, covering a distance of. It is fully elevated, and consists of 12 stations. Work on the Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar corridor, a part of Phase I, began on 8 February 2008. A crucial bridge on the project was completed at the end of 2012. The line opened for service on 8 June 2014.Yellow line
This corridor is being executed in two phases i.e. 2A and 2B.The long 2A corridor is being executed by DMRC on behalf of MMRDA. The corridor has 17 stations, and is expected to cost.
Its civil works, including viaduct and stations, are being executed by J.Kumar Infra-CRTG JV. The corridor is expected to be operational by 2020.
The 2B corridor will be long, and is estimated to cost, including land acquisition cost of. This section will have 22 stations, work on which began in mid .
Its civil works, including viaduct and stations, is being executed by Simplex Infrastructure, RCC-MBZ JV and Neeraj-Guam JV.
Line 2 is being partially funded through multilateral debt to the tune of from ADB.
2A
Expected Cost- 6,410crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 9 Lakh
2B
Expected Cost- 10,986 crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 10.5 Lakh
Rolling Stock-BEML
Aqua Line
This corridor is almost entirely built underground, and is long, with 27 stations. The metro line will connect the Cuffe Parade business district in the south of Mumbai with SEEPZ and Aarey in the north. It will also pass through the Domestic and International airports of Mumbai, for which the airport operator has promised an equity infusion of.The cost of this corridor is estimated at. The original deadline for the project was 2016, but it is currently expected to be completed only by Dec 2021.
Upon completion, it will have interchanges with the planned Line 6 at SEEPZ, Line 1 at Marol Naka, Line 2 at BKC, Central Line at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai Monorail at Mahalaxmi, and Western Line at Mahalaxmi, Mumbai Central and Churchgate.
57% of the funds needed for this project are being sourced as multilateral debt from JICA.
Expected Cost- 23,136 crore
Expected Daily Ridership-17 Lakh
Rolling Stock-Alstom
Green line
The line 4 of Mumbai Metro is envisaged to be a long elevated corridor, covering 32 stations from Kasarvadavali in the north to Wadala in the south. It is estimated to cost. This project will help connect the city of Thane with Mumbai with an alternate mode of public transport.The line was approved by the Maharashtra government on, and construction work on this line began in mid 2018.
The construction of viaducts and stations is being executed by consortium of Reliance-Astaldi JV and Tata Projects-CHEC JV.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has extended a multilateral loan of for this project, and is expected to be completed by 2021–2022.
Expected Cost- 15,498 crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 13.4 Lakh
Orange Line
The 24.9 km-long Thane-Bhiwandi-Kalyan Metro-V corridor will have 17 stations and will cost Rs. 8,416 crore. It will be totally an elevated corridor. It will connect Thane to Bhiwandi and Kalyan in the eastern suburbs, with further extension to Taloja in Navi Mumbai that is line 12.The stations include Kapurbawdi in Thane, Balkum Naka, Kasheli, Kalher, Purna, Anjur Phata, Dhamankar Naka, Bhiwandi, Gopal Nagar, Temghar, Rajnouli Village, Govegaon MIDC, Kongaon, Durgadi Fort, Sahajanand Chowk, Kalyan railway station and Kalyan APMC.
The line was approved by Chief Minister Fadnavis on 19 October 2016. The MMRDA plans to begin construction of the line by December 2017. The line is getting delayed due to finalisation of alignment which is facing resistance of locals. It will be ready by 2023-24. The corridor is being constructucted by Afcons in one package from Kalyani to Bhiwandi including 7 stations.
Expected Cost- 8,417 crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 3 Lakh
Pink Line
The 14.47 km long Lokhandwala-Jogeshwari-Vikhroli-Kanjurmarg Metro-VI corridor will have 13 stations and cost Rs. 6,672 crore. It will be an elevated corridor. It will connect Lokhandwala Complex in Andheri in the western suburbs to Vikhroli and Kanjurmarg in the eastern suburbs.The stations include Lokhandwala Complex, Adarsh Nagar, Momin Nagar, JVLR, Shyam Nagar, Mahakali Caves, SEEPZ Village, Saki Vihar Road, Ram Baug, Powai Lake, IIT Powai, Kanjurmarg, Vikhroli-Eastern Express Highway.
Metro 6 will provide interchange with Metro 2 at Infinity Mall in Andheri, with Metro 3 at SEEPZ, with Metro 4 and the Mumbai Suburban Railway at Jogeshwari and Kanjurmarg, and with Metro 7 at JVLR.
The line was approved by Chief Minister Fadnavis on 19 October 2016. The MMRDA issued a tender to conduct a detailed aerial mapping survey of the alignment in April 2017. Authorities will also be able to determine the location of trees along the alignment accuracy of up to 10 cm utilizing a differential GPS, while a digital aerial triangulation system will help determine the types of trees, their heights and diameters.
The MMRDA plans to begin construction of the line by late 2018. It will be ready by 2022-23.
The construction of viaduct and station work is being executed by J Kumar Infraprojects and MBZ-EIIL JV.
Expected Cost- 6,672 crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 7.2 Lakh
Red Line
This corridor is long, and runs from Dahisar in the north to Andheri in the south, with a further extension till Bhayander in the north, and Mumbai International Airport Terminal 2 in the south. The line is partially elevated, and partially underground.The elevated section is expected to cost, while the outlay for the recently approved underground section is. Civil works, including viaduct and station works, is being executed by NCC, Simplex Infrastructure, and J. Kumar Infraprojects.
The corridor is being funded through multilateral debt to the tune of by Asian Development Bank. The cost of the 13.5 km extension till Bhayander in the north is expected to be around.
Expected Cost- 6,208 crore
Expected Daily Ridership- 6.7 Lakh
Rolling stock-BEML
Gold Line
This is a proposed metro line between the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Airport till Navi Mumbai International Airport CSMT. This would be considered to be an extension to Metro 4. The length of the line is 11.4 km, and it proposed to cost Rs. 8,739 crore. The line will be partially underground, with 8 underground and 2 elevated stations.Orange line
Extension of line 5MMRDA has planned the Metro 12, which will connect Kalyan with Taloja. It is an extension of line 5. In another boost to connectivity, the [Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus">CSMT. This would be considered to be an extension to Metro 4. The length of the line is 11.4 km, and it proposed to cost Rs. 8,739 crore. The line will be partially underground, with 8 underground and 2 elevated stations.
Orange line
Extension of line 5MMRDA has planned the Metro 12, which will connect Kalyan with Taloja. It is an extension of line 5. In another boost to connectivity, the [Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority has decided to connect Mumbai, thane and Navi Mumbai with a Metro line. The estimated cost of the project is 5865 crore.
Purple Line
it is a proposed metro project to connect mira road with Virar.The project length is 23 km and the estimated cost of the project is 6900 crore.
This project is now at DPR stage.
Magenta Line
It is a proposed metro project to connect Vikhroli with Kanjurmarg and further to Ambernath-Badlapur.It will have an intersection at Kanjurmarg with line 6 i.e. Pink line.
This project is now at DPR stage.
The project length is 45 km and the estimated cost of the project is 13,500 crore.
Rolling stock
Reliance Infrastructure consulted a number of major international rolling stock builders to provide the train fleet for the Mumbai Metro. Bidders for the contract included established metro-vehicle manufacturers such as Kawasaki, Alstom, Siemens and Bombardier, but CSR Nanjing of China was ultimately chosen to supply rolling stock for ₹6 billion. In May 2008, CSR Nanjing completed the first 16 trains, each comprising four cars. The first ten trains were reported to be ready for operation in January 2013.The coaches are fire retardant, air-conditioned and designed to reduce noise and vibration, and will feature both high seating capacity and ample space for standing passengers. They will be outfitted with a number of features for safety and convenience, including LCD screens, 3D route maps, first-aid kits, wheelchair facilities, fire-fighting equipment and intercom systems permitting communication with the train driver. Each coach will furthermore feature a black box to assist in accident investigations. The trains will be capable of carrying over 1,100 passengers in a four-car unit, with each carriage being approximately wide.
In 2018, the MMRCL chose Alstom to supply 31 eight car trains for Line 3. The trains will be capable of driverless operations and will be built at Alstom's factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh.
In 2018, MMRDA awarded a tender to Bharat Earth Movers to supply 63 trainsets for Lines 2 and 7 at a cost of ₹3,015 crores. Capable of driverless operations, the trains will be manufactured at BEML's factory in Bengaluru and will be delivered between 2020 and 2022.
Power supply
Unlike 97% of metro corridors worldwide which run on direct current, the Mumbai Metro runs on alternating current which is more labour and cost-intensive. MMRDA joint project director Dilip Kawathkar stated that AC power was chosen "after a proper study by a team of experts" which found that the AC model was "a better option". Bidders for Line 3 were reportedly in favour of the DC model. Experts believe that the decision to use AC will escalate the project cost of underground lines by 15%, since more digging is required for the rail to work on AC.Signalling and communications
The Mumbai Metro will feature an advanced signalling system, including an automatic train protection system and automated signalling to control train movements on the Line 1. A four-minute service interval is anticipated on the route.Siemens will supply the signalling systems required for the project, while Thales Group will supply the Metro's communication systems. The network's signalling and train control systems will be based on LZB 700M technology.