Murmur (album)


Murmur is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on April 12, 1983 by I.R.S. Records. Murmur drew critical acclaim upon its release for its unusual sound, defined by lead singer Michael Stipe's cryptic lyrics, guitarist Peter Buck's jangly guitar style, and bass guitarist Mike Mills' melodic basslines.

Recording

R.E.M. started recording their debut album in December 1982. I.R.S. paired R.E.M. with producer Stephen Hague, who had a higher profile than the band's previous producer Mitch Easter. Hague's emphasis on technical perfection did not suit the band; the producer made the group perform multiple takes of the song "Catapult", which demoralized drummer Bill Berry. Also, Hague took the completed track to Synchro Sound studios in Boston and added keyboard parts to the track without the band's permission and to their dismay. Unsatisfied, the band members asked the label to let them record with Easter. I.R.S. agreed to a "tryout" session, allowing the band to travel to North Carolina and record the song "Pilgrimage" with Easter and producing partner Don Dixon. After hearing the track, I.R.S. permitted the group to record the album with Dixon and Easter.
On January 6, 1983, R.E.M. entered Reflection Studios in Charlotte, North Carolina to begin recording sessions with Easter and Dixon. Much of the band's material for the album had been tested on preceding tours. Because of its bad experience with Hague, the band recorded the album via a process of negation, refusing to incorporate rock music clichés such as guitar solos or then-popular synthesizers, to give its music a timeless feel. Berry specifically was resistant to "odd" musical suggestions, insisting that his drums be recorded in a drummer's booth, a practice that was antiquated at the time. Dixon and Easter took a hands-off approach to much of the recording process. The pair would only fix up a vocal track or ask lead singer Michael Stipe to re-record a vocal if it was very substandard. Recording was completed on February 23, 1983.

Music

Murmur's sound characterized the quieter, introverted side of the first wave of alternative rock in the United States. The sound was new at the time, though not stepping beyond the constructs of traditional rock music. The guitars have a bright, ring-like chime that brought on comparisons to the Byrds, and the bass guitar has the bright punchy sound of the Rickenbacker favored by Mike Mills. Mills carries much of the melodic element of the music on the bass, contributing to the moody sound of early R.E.M. albums. Also contributing to this sound is the distant singing of Michael Stipe whose obscure lyrics, sung indistinctly, lend to the mystery and depth of the music.
In a rare instance of R.E.M. co-writing, Stipe asked friend Neil Bogan to contribute lyrics to "West of the Fields".

Packaging

The front cover features an image of a large quantity of the noxious weed kudzu, which grows so rapidly that it overtakes the landscape and kills other plants by completely shading them. The trestle featured on the back cover of the original vinyl LP release, originally part of the Georgia Railroad line into downtown Athens, has become something of a local landmark. Plans to demolish the trestle, now commonly referred to as the "Murmur Trestle," met with public outcry. On October 2, 2000, the Athens-Clarke County Mayor and Commission voted to save the trestle. In 2012, the local government said it can't afford to keep it and declared in 2016 that it would likely come down. Later that year, the Athens-Clarke County Commission suggested that a trail tax could fund its existence.
Copies of the initial tape edition—catalogue number CS 70604—list The Velvet Underground cover "There She Goes Again" as the final track, but it is not present. The track was intended for Murmur, but removed so that all the tracks would be original and the group would not have to take a royalty cut. It was, however, included as a b-side to the IRS issue of "Radio Free Europe" instead. This mistake was fixed with subsequent printings.

Critical reception

Murmur was released in April 1983. The record reached number 36 on the Billboard album chart. A re-recorded version of "Radio Free Europe" was the album's lead single and reached number 78 on the Billboard singles chart that year. Despite the acclaim awarded the album, by the end of 1983 Murmur had only sold about 200,000 copies, which I.R.S.'s Jay Boberg felt was below expectations. Murmur was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1991.
The album drew substantial critical acclaim. Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars. Reviewer Steve Pond felt the album fulfilled the promise the band showed on Chronic Town. He wrote, "Murmur is the record on which trade that potential for results: an intelligent, enigmatic, deeply involving album, it reveals a depth and cohesiveness to R.E.M. that the EP could only suggest." He concluded, "R.E.M. is clearly the important Athens band." Jonathan Gregg of Record described Murmur as "a splendid little film noir of an album, austere but rich in implication." He particularly praised the band's distinctive "twitchy, restless dance beat" and the incomprehensibility of the album's meaning, noting that Stipe's already enigmatic lyrics are often hard to make out due to being sung with a deliberate slur, lost in a muddy mix, and/or drowned out by the instrumental work, resulting in an impressive sense of meaning even as the meaning itself is not understood. It was Rolling Stone's Best Album of 1983, beating Michael Jackson's Thriller, The Police's Synchronicity and U2's War. Buck noted in 2002 that I.R.S. was "mind-boggled" by the album's positive reviews, especially in the British press, since R.E.M. had not yet toured that country.

Accolades

Since its release, Murmur has featured heavily in various "must have" lists compiled by the music media. In 1989, it was rated number eight on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1980s. In 2003, the TV network VH1 named Murmur the 92nd greatest album of all time. Some of the more prominent of these lists to feature Murmur are shown below; this information is adapted from acclaimedmusic.net.
PublicationCountryAccoladeYearRank
Rolling StoneUSTop 100 Albums of the Last 20 Years1987#58
SpinUS100 Alternative Albums1995#8
Pitchfork MediaUSTop 100 Albums of the 1980s2002#5
Rolling StoneUSThe 500 Greatest Albums of All Time2012#197
BlenderUS500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die2003
QUKThe 40 Best Records of the 80s2006#6
MojoUKThe 100 Records That Changed the World2007#75
Slant MagazineUSBest Albums of the 1980s2012#13
Rolling StoneUSThe 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time2013#18

Track listing

All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe, except where noted.
Side one
  1. "Radio Free Europe" – 4:06
  2. "Pilgrimage" – 4:30
  3. "Laughing" – 3:57
  4. "Talk About the Passion" – 3:23
  5. "Moral Kiosk" – 3:31
  6. "Perfect Circle" – 3:29
Side two
  1. "Catapult" – 3:55
  2. "Sitting Still" – 3:17
  3. "9–9" – 3:03
  4. "Shaking Through" – 4:30
  5. "We Walk" – 3:02
  6. "West of the Fields" – 3:17
1992 The IRS Vintage Years edition bonus tracks
  2. "There She Goes Again" – 2:48
  3. "9–9" – 3:04
  4. "Gardening at Night" – 3:47
  5. "Catapult" – 4:03
2008 Deluxe Edition bonus disc
  1. "Laughing" – 3:51
  2. "Pilgrimage" – 4:08
  3. "There She Goes Again" – 2:43
  4. "Seven Chinese Brothers" – 4:15
  5. "Talk About the Passion" – 3:02
  6. "Sitting Still" – 4:11
  7. "Harborcoat" – 3:45
  8. "Catapult" – 3:51
  9. "Gardening at Night" – 3:33
  10. "9-9" – 3:16
  11. "Just a Touch" – 2:27
  12. "West of the Fields" – 3:06
  13. "Radio Free Europe" – 4:57
  14. "We Walk" – 2:55
  15. "1,000,000" – 3:05
  16. "Carnival of Sorts " – 3:58
A vintage radio promo for the album is hidden in the pregap of the bonus disc.

Personnel

R.E.M.
Production and additional musicians
Singles
YearSingleChartPosition
1983"Radio Free Europe"Billboard Mainstream Rock25
1983"Radio Free Europe"Billboard Pop Singles78

Certifications

Release history

Murmur was bundled together with Chronic Town and Reckoning in the United Kingdom as The Originals in 1993.
On November 25, 2008, I.R.S. Records, A&M, and Universal Music released a 25th anniversary edition two-disc reissue of Murmur. Disc one features the standard 12-track album, digitally remastered, and disc two contains a previously unreleased live concert the band played at Larry's Hideaway, Toronto, Canada, on July 9, 1983. In addition to Murmur songs, the set includes tunes from the Chronic Town EP, a Velvet Underground cover, and early versions of songs from Reckoning and Lifes Rich Pageant. The release also includes a fold-out poster insert, featuring exclusive essays by producers Don Dixon and Mitch Easter, as well as former I.R.S. executives Jay Boberg, Sig Sigworth, and art designer Carl Grasso.
RegionDateLabelFormatCatalog
United StatesI.R.S.vinyl LPSP 70604
United StatesI.R.S.vinyl LP44797-0014-1
United StatesI.R.S.Compact disc44797-0014-2
United StatesI.R.S.cassette tape44797-0014-4
United StatesI.R.S.cassette tapeCS 70604
United KingdomI.R.S.LP70014
United StatesI.R.S./A&MCompact Disc70014
The NetherlandsIllegalLP25433
South AfricaI.R.S./CBSLPASF-2886
WorldwideA&MCompact Disc70014
WorldwideA&MCompact Disc129
The NetherlandsEMICompact Disc7 13158 2†
The NetherlandsI.R.S.LP4653781
United StatesMobile Fidelity Sound LabLP231‡
United StatesMobile Fidelity Sound LabCompact Disc642‡
EuropeEMICompact Disc13158†
EuropeI.R.S.Compact Disc7131582†
AsiaToshiba/EMICompact Disc53571
United StatesI.R.S./Universal Music GroupCompact DiscB0012251-02•

†I.R.S. Vintage Years edition, with bonus tracks

‡Remastered edition on 180-gram vinyl and gold Compact Disc

•Remastered Deluxe Edition, with Live at Larry's Hide-Away bonus disc
RegionDateLabelFormatCatalog
United KingdomI.R.S./EMICD box set7243 8 35088 2 2