Musketeers of the Guard


The Musketeers of the Guard or King's Musketeers ; full name - Musketeers of the military household of the King of France were a fighting company of the military branch of the Maison du Roi, the Royal Household of the French monarchy.

History

They were founded in 1622 when Louis XIII furnished a company of light cavalry with muskets. The Musketeers fought in battle both on foot and on horseback. They formed the royal guard for the king while he was outside of the royal residences. The Musketeers of the Guard wore an early type of military uniform with a tabard, indicating that they "belonged" to the King, and an embroidered white cross denoting the fact that they were formed during the Huguenot rebellions in support of the Catholic cause.
Shortly after the Musketeers were established a second company was founded to report to Cardinal Richelieu. At the cardinal's death in 1642, the company passed to his successor Cardinal Mazarin, who disbanded his Musketeers in 1646. He revived the Musketeers in 1657 with a company of 150 men. At Mazarin's death in 1661, the cardinal's Musketeers passed to Louis XIV.
In 1664, the two companies were reorganized: one company took the name "Grey Musketeers" from the color of their matched horses, while the second were called "Black Musketeers", mounted on black horses. At roughly the same time, the size of the Musketeer companies was doubled.
The Musketeers were among the most prestigious of the military companies of the Ancien Régime, and in principle membership in the companies was reserved for nobles. With the reforms of Michel le Tellier - which mandated a certain number of years of military service before nobles could attain the rank of officer - many nobles sought to do this service in the privileged Musketeer companies.
In 1776, the Musketeers were disbanded by Louis XVI for budgetary reasons. Reformed in 1789, they were disbanded again shortly after the French Revolution. They were reformed on 6 July 1814 and definitively disbanded on 1 January 1816.

Notable Musketeers of the Guard

The following are some of the notable Musketeers: