Myōshin-ji is a temple complex in Kyoto, Japan, and head temple of the associated branch of RinzaiZen Buddhism. The Myōshin-ji school is by far the largest school in Rinzai Zen, approximately as big as the other thirteen branches combined: it contains within it about 3,400 temples throughout Japan, together with a handful overseas, of the approximately six thousand total Rinzai temples, and also has nineteen associated monasteries, of the total of forty monasteries and one nunnery.
History
The grounds of the temple were formally a palace for the Emperor Hanazono. Hanazono abdicated in 1318 and took the tonsure in 1335, and in 1342 donated the palace to found the temple; the district and many places in the area are named "Hanazono" in his honor. The head temple was founded in 1342 by the Zen masterKanzan Egen, third patriarch in the influential Ōtōkan lineage. Nearly all of the buildings were destroyed in the Ōnin War in 1467. However, many of them have been rebuilt, initially under the leadership of Sekko-Soshin Zenji, the sixth patriarch. The present buildings were primarily built during the following 150 years, and today the gardens of Myōshin-ji are a nationally designatedPlace of Scenic Beauty and Historic Site. The temple's bell, known as Okikicho, is the oldest-known example of a Buddhist bonshō in Japan, as well as being the oldest bell in the world still in use. It was cast in 698.
School
A difference between this and other schools of Rinzai Zen is that the Myōshin-ji school does not necessarily follow the set of established kōan for the sake of testing one's stage of enlightenment. Rather the Myōshin-ji school allows the master to specifically tailor kōan to a student's needs and background. This method diverges from the traditionally accepted canon of kōan.
Layout
The complex is quite sprawling, and features a number of winding paths flanked by high walls, so it is easy to become disoriented. As is usual in Japanese temple construction, the main buildings are located on the axisfrom the south gate, in the south-west quadrant of the complex. There is a main north–south path connecting the north gate and the south gate, starting parallel to the main buildings, then continuing north, flanked by veering slight, and ending at the north gate. There is also an east–west path leading east from the main buildings. In addition to the direct north–south path, there is a longer path that proceeds east from the north gate, winds past Keishun-in, then terminates in the east–west just south of Daishin-in. In addition to these main routes, there are a number of side paths. These paths are all lined with sub-temples, generally with a single entrance.
File:Myoshin-ji 3.JPG|Sanmon File:Myoshinji01s1920.jpg|Butsuden and Hattō File:Myoshinji02n1800.jpg|Dai-hōjō File:Myoshinji08s5s4272.jpg|Yokushitsu
Access
The complex is located between Ichijō Street to the north and to the south, and can be entered from the north or south. There are two main gates: one to the south, and one to north; there are also side entrances that do not pass through a gate. At the south there is a large gate that is not open, as it is a , but next to it is the main south gate. Just inside both the north and south gates are small information booths, providing maps and directions. A number of train stations are located nearby:
Myōshin-ji station and Ryōan-ji station on the Randen line, near north gate
There are 40-odd sub-temples of the main temple, of which 30-odd are within the grounds of the main complex, and 10 are in the surrounding area. These include: ;Within the grounds ;Open year-round
Taizō-in – most noted sub-temple, garden and ink paintings
, the Rinzai university, was established by Myōshin-ji in 1872, and is located some distance to the southeast of the temple complex. In the southeast corner of the square plot of the temple complex proper is the associated Hanazono High School, just across a small river.
