NBA high school draftees
The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level. The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro. Since 2006, the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement, which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school. Contrary to popular belief, the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball: the player can choose to instead play in another professional league like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively; simply take the year off, as Mitchell Robinson and Darius Bazley did; or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft, like with Satnam Singh Bhamara or Thon Maker.
The NBA has long had a preference for players who played basketball at the collegiate level; the vast majority of players to play in the NBA have had college experience. However, there have been numerous notable players who attended high school in the United States and then joined the NBA without playing college basketball.
History
Early years
In the early years of the NBA draft, a player had to finish his four-year college eligibility to be eligible for selection. Reggie Harding, who had graduated from high school but did not enroll in a college, became the first player drafted out of high school when the Detroit Pistons selected him in the fourth round of the 1962 draft. However, the NBA rules at that time prohibited a high school player to play in the league until one year after his high school class graduated. Thus, he spent a year playing in a minor basketball league before he was drafted again in the 1963 draft by the Pistons. He finally entered the league in the 1963–64 season and played four seasons in the NBA and American Basketball Association.In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court decision Haywood v. National Basketball Association ruled 7–2 against the NBA's requirement that a player must wait four years after high school graduation before turning professional. This ruling allowed players to enter the NBA Draft without four years of college, provided they could give evidence of hardship to the NBA office.
In 1974, the NBA's rival, the ABA, drafted high school star Moses Malone. He was immediately signed by the Utah Stars and became the first player to go directly from high school basketball to a professional league. He became an instant success, averaging 18 points and 14 rebounds per game in his rookie season. He played in the ABA until the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. He then played 19 successful seasons with 7 NBA teams. He won the NBA championship, along with the Finals Most Valuable Player Award, with the Philadelphia 76ers in 1983. His other achievements include 3 Most Valuable Player Awards, 12 consecutive All-Star Game selections, 8 All-NBA Team selections and 6 rebounding titles. He has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and was also named in the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History list announced at the league's 50th anniversary in 1996.
A year later, two high school players, Darryl Dawkins and Bill Willoughby, applied for hardship and were declared eligible to be selected in the 1975 draft. They had applied and gave evidence of financial hardship to the league, which granted them the right to start earning a living by starting their professional careers earlier. Dawkins was selected 5th by the Philadelphia 76ers while Willoughby was selected 19th by the Atlanta Hawks. Dawkins played 14 seasons and averaged 12 points and 6 rebounds per game. Willoughby played 8 seasons with 6 different teams and averaged only 6 points per game. Neither player reached the level of success that was expected. It is argued that they could have been better players if they had college basketball experience before entering the NBA.
After Dawkins and Willoughby, no high schoolers were drafted for 14 years, though several players entered the league without playing college basketball. One player, Shawn Kemp, enrolled in college but never played any games due to personal problems. In 1989, a year after his high school graduation, he was drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics. He played 14 seasons in the NBA and was selected to 6 All-Star Games and 3 All-NBA Teams.
1995–2005
In 1995, Kevin Garnett, USA Today's high school basketball player of the year, announced his intentions to forgo college, and declared himself eligible for the 1995 NBA draft. The move was highly controversial; the conventional wisdom at the time was that high-schoolers were neither emotionally nor physically mature enough for the rigors of the NBA game. On draft day, Garnett was selected with the #5 pick in the first round by the Minnesota Timberwolves. Garnett led the Timberwolves to eight consecutive playoff berths and was a multiple All-Star during his time with the team. In 2004, the Wolves advanced to the Western Conference Finals before losing to the Lakers; Garnett was named Most Valuable Player that year. After a trade in the 2007 offseason to the Boston Celtics, he was a core player in the Celtics' first NBA title in over 20 years.In 1996, two notable players made the jump from high school to the NBA. The first was Kobe Bryant, selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 13th pick of the NBA draft, but traded almost immediately to the Los Angeles Lakers. The second was Jermaine O'Neal, selected by the Trail Blazers with the 17th pick. O'Neal was traded in 2000 to the Indiana Pacers. In 1997, another All-Star caliber player, Tracy McGrady, was selected by the Toronto Raptors. In 1998, three high-schoolers were drafted with Al Harrington and Rashard Lewis experiencing the most success. Darius Miles became the highest high school player selected with the third pick in the 2000 NBA Draft, until the following year.
In 2001, Kwame Brown became the first high-schooler to be selected with the number one pick in the draft; since then, LeBron James and Dwight Howard have also been selected with the first pick. Other notable high-schoolers include Tyson Chandler and Eddy Curry ; Amar'e Stoudemire ; Josh Smith, Sebastian Telfair, J. R. Smith, and Shaun Livingston ; Andrew Bynum and Monta Ellis.
Many prep-to-pro players like Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Jermaine O'Neal, LeBron James, and Tracy Mcgrady went on to become star players in the NBA. Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, LeBron James have all won the league's MVP Award; as well as holding at least one NBA title under their belt, and are widely regarded as future Hall-of-Famers. Dwight Howard, Jermaine O'Neal and Amar'e Stoudemire also became perennial All-Stars in their prime. However, not all high-schoolers were successful. Kwame Brown and Eddy Curry are widely regarded as draft busts, while Jonathan Bender and Darius Miles had their careers cut short by injury. Korleone Young and Leon Smith only played a handful of games in the NBA, while Lenny Cooke and DeAngelo Collins, both of whom declared for the 2002 Draft, went undrafted and never played in the NBA.
2005–2018
Beginning 2005, both the NBA and the players' union started to discuss the possibility of implementing a new age limit. The league lobbied for an age minimum of 20 while the union was against an age limit. Finally in July 2005, both sides compromised in the new collective bargaining agreement, requiring that the minimum age for entry into the NBA be 19 and that entrants be at least one year removed from high school. For the first time, teams are also allowed to send players, with two years of NBA experience or less, to the NBA Development League.The terms of the new agreement ended the practice of drafting high school players, starting in the 2006 Draft. A high school player must wait at least a year to be eligible for selection. However, they are not required to spend that year in college. In 2008, high school star Brandon Jennings decided to skip college and play professional basketball in Italy. After a year, he was eligible for the 2009 draft and was selected 10th by the Milwaukee Bucks. In the 2010 draft, Latavious Williams, who did not qualify academically to go to college, spent a year playing in the NBA D-League before he was drafted in the second round. Emmanuel Mudiay decided to take a route similar to that of Jennings by skipping college to play professionally in China in 2014 before being selected 7th by the Denver Nuggets a year later. Terrance Ferguson also opted out of college for professional play, this time in Australia in 2016 before being selected a year later by the Oklahoma City Thunder as the 21st pick of the 2017 draft.
While the rules discouraged high school players from entering, starting in the early 2010s, more high schoolers opted to declare entry for the draft with the intent of being selected early. In the 2015 draft, Indian-born Satnam Singh Bhamara, who did not qualify academically to go to college, went straight to the NBA draft as a post-graduate after being at IMG Academy for five years. He would be taken by the Dallas Mavericks with the 52nd pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school student to be drafted since the rule changes. In the 2016 draft, one of the Top–10 players that was declared eligible for NCAA play in 2016, Thon Maker, decided to enter the draft instead as a post-graduate from Orangeville Prep in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada due to him originally declaring himself as eligible for college in 2015. Thon also marked the first player to be drafted directly from a Canadian high school, as well as the second player to enter as a post-graduate. He was the first high schooler to be drafted in the first round since 2005, being drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks with the tenth pick, becoming the first high school lottery pick since 2005. In the 2018 draft, Anfernee Simons from the IMG Academy was also drafted in the NBA with the 24th, with Simons being a postgraduate there like Bhamara three years prior. In addition, Mitchell Robinson took a year off after high school due to exiting Western Kentucky University early without playing there, which left him drafted as the 36th pick. Most recently, in 2019, both Jalen Lecque and Darius Bazley declared entry and left their names in the draft, with Bazley entering without any collegiate or professional play after graduating from high school the previous year. Darius Bazley was selected as the 23rd pick of that year's draft by the Oklahoma City Thunder, while Jalen Lecque went undrafted, but played for the Phoenix Suns during the 2019–20 NBA season.
Some players support the new age limit. Gerald Green called it "a smart move", saying that " LeBron James... He came in ready and he dominated the league. There's a lot of players that have to get developed. Me, I've got to get developed. But I guess that age limit, that one year of college experience, can get you more developed and I think that's pretty good." Others, however, strongly criticize the rule. Andrew Bynum said "That's something I'll never understand. Because in no other business can the owner, or a stock trader, or a CEO of a company try to protect themselves by putting rules like that." Former Florida Gators and current Oklahoma City Thunder head coach Billy Donovan believed that the rule made high schoolers feel like they were being punished.
In December 2009, a recent report suggested that the NBA was looking to reverse their original ruling from 2005 to go back to having the age limit be 18 years old. If implemented, this would allow for players to enter the NBA directly from high school without any stipulations whatsoever.
List
There have been 45 high school draftees in the NBA Draft. Three draftees were selected first overall; Kwame Brown in 2001 NBA draft, LeBron James in 2003, and Dwight Howard in 2004 NBA draft. Two draftees went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in their first season: LeBron James and 2002 draftee Amar'e Stoudemire. Three draftees went on to win the Most Valuable Player Award: Kevin Garnett in, Kobe Bryant in, and LeBron James in,,, and . Ten draftees have been selected to the All-Star Game and ten draftees have been selected to the All-NBA Team.| Pos. | G | F | C |
| Position | Guard | Forward | Center |
| Draft | Round | Pick | Player | Pos. | Nationality | Draft team | High school | Ref. |
| 1962 | 4 | 29 | C | United States | Detroit Pistons | Detroit Eastern High School | ||
| 1975 | 1 | 5 | C | United States | Philadelphia 76ers | Maynard Evans High School | ||
| 1975 | 2 | 19 | F/C | United States | Atlanta Hawks | Dwight Morrow High School | ||
| 1995 | 1 | 5 | ^ | F | United States | Minnesota Timberwolves | Farragut Career Academy | |
| 1996 | 1 | 13 | ^ | G | United States | Charlotte Hornets | Lower Merion High School | |
| 1996 | 1 | 17 | * | F/C | United States | Portland Trail Blazers | Eau Claire High School | |
| 1997 | 1 | 9 | ^ | F | United States | Toronto Raptors | Mount Zion Christian Academy | |
| 1998 | 1 | 25 | F | United States | Indiana Pacers | St. Patrick High School | ||
| 1998 | 2 | 32 | + | F | United States | Seattle SuperSonics | Alief Elsik High School | |
| 1998 | 2 | 40 | F | United States | Detroit Pistons | Hargrave Military Academy | ||
| 1999 | 1 | 5 | F | United States | Toronto Raptors | Picayune Memorial High School | ||
| 1999 | 1 | 29 | C | United States | Dallas Mavericks | Martin Luther King High School | ||
| 2000 | 1 | 3 | F | United States | Los Angeles Clippers | East St. Louis High School | ||
| 2000 | 1 | 23 | G | United States | Utah Jazz | Washington Union High School | ||
| 2001 | 1 | 1 | F | United States | Washington Wizards | Glynn Academy | ||
| 2001 | 1 | 2 | * | C | United States | Los Angeles Clippers | Dominguez High School | |
| 2001 | 1 | 4 | C | United States | Chicago Bulls | Thornwood High School | ||
| 2001 | 1 | 8 | C | Cleveland Cavaliers | Oak Hill Academy | |||
| 2001 | 2 | 46 | # | F | Denver Nuggets | St. Jude High School | ||
| 2002 | 1 | 9 | * | F/C | United States | Phoenix Suns | Cypress Creek High School | |
| 2003 | 1 | 1 | * | F | United States | Cleveland Cavaliers | St. Vincent – St. Mary High School | |
| 2003 | 1 | 23 | F | United States | Portland Trail Blazers | Starkville High School | ||
| 2003 | 1 | 26 | F | United Kingdom | Minnesota Timberwolves | Westbury Christian School | ||
| 2003 | 1 | 27 | C | United States | Memphis Grizzlies | Clifton J. Ozen High School | ||
| 2003 | 2 | 48 | C | United States | New Orleans Hornets | Central Park Christian High School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 1 | * | F/C | United States | Orlando Magic | Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy | |
| 2004 | 1 | 4 | G | United States | Los Angeles Clippers | Peoria High School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 12 | C | United States | Seattle SuperSonics | Bakersfield High School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 13 | G | United States | Portland Trail Blazers | Abraham Lincoln High School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 15 | F | United States | Boston Celtics | Prentiss High School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 17 | F | United States | Atlanta Hawks | Oak Hill Academy | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 18 | G | United States | New Orleans Hornets | Saint Benedict's Preparatory School | ||
| 2004 | 1 | 19 | G/F | United States | Miami Heat | South Kent Preparatory School | ||
| 2005 | 1 | 6 | G/F | United States | Portland Trail Blazers | Seattle Preparatory School | ||
| 2005 | 1 | 10 | + | C | United States | Los Angeles Lakers | St. Joseph High School | |
| 2005 | 1 | 18 | F | United States | Boston Celtics | Gulf Shores Academy | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 34 | G | United States | Utah Jazz | Skyline High School | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 35 | # | F | Portland Trail Blazers | IMG Academy | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 40 | G | United States | Golden State Warriors | Lanier High School | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 45 | G | United States | Philadelphia 76ers | South Gwinnett High School | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 49 | F | United States | Washington Wizards | South Kent Preparatory School | ||
| 2005 | 2 | 56 | F | United States | Detroit Pistons | Westchester High School | ||
| 2015 | 2 | 52 | # | C | India | Dallas Mavericks | IMG Academy | |
| 2016 | 1 | 10 | F/C | Australia | Milwaukee Bucks | Orangeville District Secondary School | ||
| 2018 | 1 | 24 | G | Portland Trail Blazers | IMG Academy |
Other players
The following players also played in the NBA or were drafted without playing college basketball; however, these players did not get drafted or join the NBA directly after their high school graduation.| Year | Debut | Player | Pos. | Nationality | High school | Notes | Ref. |
| — | G | United States | Forest Hills High School | ||||
| — | F/C | United States | Flushing High School | ||||
| — | F/C | United States | Tuley High School | ||||
| 1960 | ^ | F/C | United States | Boys High School | |||
| 1974 | ^ | F/C | United States | Petersburg High School | |||
| 1988 | * | F/C | United States | Concord High School | |||
| 1986 | G | United States | Andrew Jackson High School | ||||
| 1993 | C | United States | Martin Luther King High School | ||||
| 1996 | F | United States | Oak Hill Academy | ||||
| 2001 | G | BrazilItaly | Coppell High School |
| |||
| 2004 | F/C | United States | Coastal Christian Academy | ||||
| 2008 | G | United States | Oak Hill Academy | ||||
| 2009 | # | F | United States | Christian Life Center Academy | |||
| 2010 | F/C | Turkey | Stoneridge Preparatory School | ||||
| 2010 | C | United States | San Diego High School | ||||
| 2012 | G | United States | South Kent High School | ||||
| 2013 | C | CCSE Prep Academy | |||||
| 2014 | PG | United States | Prime Prep Academy |
| |||
| 2014 | C | Greece | Westtown School | ||||
| 2016 | SG | United States | Advanced Preparatory International | ||||
| 2017 | C | United States | Chalmette High School | ||||
| 2018 | PF | United States | Princeton High School | ||||
| 2019 | PG | United States | Brewster Academy |
Controversy
Despite the success of some high school players drafted, the entry of high school players into the NBA remains controversial. Critics say that high school players are not mentally and physically mature or prepared enough to handle the pressure of professional play. Thus, they are more likely to fail. Instead, they believe that colleges are useful at filtering out players who can dominate against weak competition in high school, but cannot succeed at a higher level of play. They also think that the influx of high schoolers bypassing colleges in favor of the NBA has caused collegiate game to deteriorate. Universities are wary of spending time recruiting as many players that are motivated financially to turn pro fresh out of high school.On the other hand, proponents argue that there is no valid reason to exclude high school players. Michael McCann, writer of law article "Illegal Defense: The Irrational Economics of Banning High School Players from the NBA Draft", contends that players drafted straight out of high school can do as well as any other players in the NBA. The article finds that "on average, these players perform better in every major statistical category than does the average NBA player". Others instead believe that the problem was due to the lack of established farm system in basketball until recently. In other major sports, such as baseball and hockey, it is common for young players to develop in their minor league systems.