National selections for the Eurovision Song Contest


National selections refer to the processes in which the broadcasters of the countries participating in the annual Eurovision Song Contest select the artist and song that will represent them in the contest.
The two principal ways for broadcasters to select their entries are open selections and closed selections. Since the introduction of semi-finals in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 – due to the extensive amount of participating countries – and the rule of the Big Five countries, a wide range of countries often alternate between national finals and internal selections based on final placing at the contest.

National finals

National finals are the process in which the public of a country can choose the artist with their song, often combining public televoting with the vote of an expert jury.
Organised by the broadcaster, these national finals can be televised or non-televised, however most of the time they are televised as prime-time television shows. Oftentimes the artist is selected internally and the public of the country chooses a song for them with the national final. Alternatively, the broadcaster can select a song and make the public choose the artist that will perform the song through a national final.
Possibly the most known national final is Melodifestivalen in Sweden, which features four live shows in different cities across the country, a Second Chance show and a final in Stockholm. In 2012, over an estimated four million people in Sweden watched the final, almost half of the Swedish population.
, and her song "Monsters" was chosen under the Finnish national final, UMK, among her other songs "Domino" and "Queens".
Another example of a national final format is Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu in Finland; during 2018 and 2019, each participant wanting to represent Finland sent three songs to the Finnish public broadcaster Yle, which would select the entrants, and the public of the country would then choose one song among the three that he/she had presented to the broadcaster previously, at a national final.

Internal selections

Internal selections are the process in which the broadcaster of a country selects internally both the artist and the song, without holding a public vote.
Even though the European Broadcasting Union "strongly" encourages countries to hold their own national finals, several countries such as Russia, Bulgaria and Austria are among those that have opted for internal selections for most of their entries in the contest. Choosing this method is also common for countries that have failed to qualify to the Grand Final on several occasions.

Participants

As of 2019 contest, 52 countries have participated among the potential list of 56 members of the EBU, and a record 43 countries participated in 2008, 2011 and 2018.
CountryDebut yearLatest entryAbsent yearsNational finalInternal selectionBroadcaster
19562019
  • 1994
  • 1997
  • 2001
  • 2020
Eurosong
  • 1957–1963
  • 1965–1984
  • 1986–1989
  • 1991–1993
  • 1995–1996
  • 1998–2000
  • 2002
  • 2004–2006
  • 2008
  • 2011-2014
  • 2016
  • 1956
  • 1964
  • 1985
  • 1990
  • 2003
  • 2007
  • 2009–2010
  • 2015
  • 2017–present
  • VRT RTBF
    19562019
    • 1974
    • 1982
    • 2020
  • 1958
  • 1961
  • 1970
  • 1973
  • 1976–1979
  • 1980–1981
  • 1983–1987
  • 1999–2000
  • 2005–2007
  • 2014
  • Destination Eurovision
    • 2018–2019
  • 1956
  • 1957
  • 1959
  • 1960
  • 1962–1969
  • 1971–1972
  • 1974–1975
  • 1988–1989
  • 1990–1998
  • 2001–2004
  • 2008–2009
  • 2000–2013
  • 2015–2017
  • 2020
  • RTF ORTF
    TF1
    France Télévisions
    19562019
    • 1996
    • 2020
  • 1956–1958
  • 1960–1965
  • 1969–1973
  • 1975–1976
  • 1978–1992
  • 1996–2008
  • Unser Lied
    • 2010–2019
  • 1959
  • 1966–1968
  • 1974
  • 1977
  • 1993–1995
  • 2009
  • 2020
  • HR BR
    MDR
    NDR
    19562019
    • 1981–1982
    • 1986
    • 1994–1996
    • 1998–2010
    • 2020
    Sanremo Music Festival
    • 1956–1966
    • 1972
    • 1997
    • 2011–2013
    • 2015–present
  • 1967–1971
  • 1973–1980
  • 1983–1985
  • 1987–1993
  • 2014
  • RAI
    19561993
  • 1959
  • 1994–present
  • 1976
  • 1978
  • 1989
  • 1992
  • 1956–1958
  • 1960–1975
  • 1977
  • 1979–1988
  • 1990–1991
  • 1993
  • CLT
    19562019
  • 1995
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2020
  • Concours Eurovision
    • 1956–1957
    • 1959–1961
    • 1963–1970
    • 1972–1993
    • 1998
    • 2000
    • 2002
    • 2004
    Die Grosse Entscheidungsshow
    • 2011–2018
  • 1958
  • 1962
  • 1971
  • 1994
  • 1996–1997
  • 2005–2010
  • 2019–present
  • SRG SSR
    19562019
  • 1985
  • 1991
  • 1995
  • 2002
  • 2020
  • Nationaal Songfestival
    • 1956–1960
    • 1962–1979
    • 1981–1984
    • 1986–1990
    • 1992–1994
    • 1996–2001
    • 2003–2006
    • 2007
    • 2009-2012
  • 1961
  • 1980
  • 2008
  • 2013–present
  • NTS NOS
    TROS
    AVROTROS
    19572019
    • 1969–1970
    • 1973–1975
    • 1998
    • 2001
    • 2006
    • 2008–2010
    • 2020
  • 1981–1984
  • 1990–1991
  • 1993–1994
  • 2002–2005
  • 2011–2013
  • 2015–2016
  • 1957–1968
  • 1971–1972
  • 1976–1980
  • 1985–1989
  • 1992
  • 1995–1997
  • 1999–2000
  • 2007
  • 2014
  • 2017–present
  • ORF
    19572019
  • 1967–1977
  • 1994
  • 1996
  • 1998
  • 2003
  • 2020
  • Dansk Melodi Grand Prix
    • 1957–1966
    • 1978–1993
    • 1995–1997
    • 1999–2002
    • 2004–present
    N/ADR
    19572019
  • 1958
  • 2020
  • Festival of British Popular Songs
    • 1957
    A Song for Europe
    • 1959–1963
    • 1964–1975
    • 1976–1991
    • 1992–1994
    • 1995
    • 2000–2003
    The Great British Song Contest
    • 1996–1999
    '
    • 2004–2007
    '
    • 2008
    '
    • 2009–2010
    '
    • 2016–2019
  • 2011–2015
  • 2020
  • BBC
    19582019
  • 1964
  • 1970
  • 1976
  • 2020
  • Melodifestivalen
    • 1959–1963
    • 1965–1969
    • 1971–1975
    • 1977–present
  • 1958
  • Sveriges Radiotjänst SR
    SVT
    19592006
    • 1980–2003
    • 2007–present
    N/A
  • 1959–1979
  • 2004–2006
  • TMC
    19602019
  • 1970
  • 2002
  • 2020
  • Melodi Grand Prix
    • 1960–1969
    • 1971–1990
    • 1992–2001
    • 2003–present
  • 1991
  • NRK
    19612019
  • 1970
  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2020
  • Euroviisukarsinta
    • 1961–1969
    • 1971–1994
    • 1996
    • 1998
    • 2000
    • 2002
    • 2004–2011
    Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu
    • 2012–2017
    • 2018–2020
    Yle
    19612019
  • 2020
  • 1961–1962
  • 1964–1965
  • 1969–1971
  • 1976
  • 2000–2001
  • 2005
  • 2007–2010
  • 2012
  • 2014
  • Operación Triunfo
    • 2002–2004
    • 2018–2019
    :es:Destino Eurovisión|Destino Eurovisión
    • 2011
    • 2013
    :es:Objetivo Eurovisión|Objetivo Eurovisión
    • 2016–2017
  • 1963
  • 1966–1968
  • 1972–1975
  • 1977–1999
  • 2006
  • 2015
  • 2020
  • TVE
    19611992
  • 1977–1980
  • 1985
  • 1993–present
  • Jugovizija
    • 1961–1972
    • 1981–1992
    Opatija Festival
    • 1973–1976
    N/AJRT
    19642019
  • 1970
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2013
  • 2016
  • 2020
  • Festival da Canção
    • 1964–1969
    • 1971–1999
    • 2001
    • 2003–2004
    • 2006–2012
    • 2014–2015
    • 2017–present
  • 2005
  • RTP
    19652019
  • 1983
  • 2002
  • 2020
  • National Song Contest
    • 1965–1982
    • 1984–1986
    Eurosong
    • 1987–2001
    • 2008–2015
    You're a Star
    • 2003–2005
    The Late Late Show
    • 2006–2007
  • 2016–present
  • RTÉ
    19712019
  • 1973
  • 1974
  • 1976
  • 1977–1990
  • 2020
  • Malta Song for Europe
    • 1971–1976
    • 1991–2018
    X Factor Malta
    • 2019–present
    PBS
    19732019
  • 1980
  • 1984
  • 1994
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • 2020
  • Israel Song Festival
    • 1978–1979
    Kdam Eurovision
    • 1980–1989
    • 1991–1993
    • 1995–1996
    • 2001
    • 2005–2006
    • 2008–2011
    • 2013
    • 2014
    HaKokhav HaBa
    • 2015
    • 2016–2020
  • 1973–1977
  • 1990
  • 1998–2000
  • 2002–2004
  • 2007
  • 2012
  • IBA KAN
    19742019
    • 1975
    • 1982
    • 1984
    • 1986
    • 1999–2000
    • 2020
    Ellinikós Telikós
    • 1979–1980
    • 1982–1983
    • 1986–1991
    • 1998
    • 2001–2003
    • 2005–2012
    • 2017
    Eurosong - A MAD Show
    • 2013–2015
  • 1974
  • 1976–1978
  • 1981
  • 1985
  • 1992–1997
  • 2004
  • 2016
  • 2018–present
  • ERT NERIT
    19752012
    • 1976–1977
    • 1979
    • 1994
    • 2013–present
  • 1975
  • 1978–1979
  • 1980–1993
  • 1995–2002
  • 2004–2005
  • 2003
  • 2006–2012
  • TRT
    19801980
  • 1981–present
  • N/A
  • 1980
  • SNRT
    19812019
  • 1988
  • 2001
  • 2014
  • 2020
  • 1984
  • 1990–2000
  • 2004–2006
  • 2008–2012
  • 2015
  • 1981–1983
  • 1985–1989
  • 2002–2003
  • 2007
  • 2013
  • 2016–present
  • CyBC
    19862019
  • 1998–1999
  • 2002
  • 2020
  • Söngvakeppnin
    • 1986–1994
    • 2000–2001
    • 2003
    • 2006–present
  • 1995–1997
  • 1999
  • 2004–2005
  • RÚV
    19932016
  • 1998
  • 2000
  • 2013–2015
  • 2017–present
  • BH Eurosong
    • 1993–1997
    • 1999
    • 2001–2005
  • 2006–2012
  • 2016
  • BHRT
    19932019
  • 2014–2015
  • 2020
  • Dora
    • 1993–2011
    • 2019–present
  • 2012–2013
  • 2016–2018
  • HRT
    19942019
  • 1995
  • 2020
  • Eurolaul
    • 1993–1994
    • 1996–2008
    Eesti Laul
    • 2009–present
    N/AERR
    19942019
  • 1996
  • 1999–2004
  • 2006
  • 2010
  • 2020
  • 1994
  • 1997
  • 2005
  • 2007–2008
  • A Dal
    • 2012–2019
  • 1993
  • 1995
  • 1998
  • 2009
  • 2011
  • MTVA
    19942019
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • 1999
  • 2001
  • 2016
  • 2020
  • Selecția Națională
    • 1993–1994
    • 1996
    • 1998
    • 2000
    • 2002–present
    N/ATVR
    19932019
  • 1994
  • 2000
  • 2020
  • Slovenski izbor za Pesem Evrovizije
    • 1993
    • 1995
    Evrovizijska Melodija
    • 1996–1999
    • 2001–2011
    • 2014–present
    Misija Evrovizija
    • 2012
  • 2013
  • RTV SLO
    19942012
  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 1999–2008
  • 2013–present
  • Bratislavská lýra
    • 1998
    Eurosong
    • 2009–2010
  • 1993–1994
  • 1996
  • 2011–2012
  • STV RTVS
    19942019
    • 1995–1998
    • 2000
    • 2003
    • 2020
  • 1999
  • 2001–2002
  • 2004–2008
  • Lietuvos Dainų Daina
    • 2009
    Eurovizija
    • 2010–2012
    Eurovizijos atranka
    • 2013–2019
    Pabandom iš naujo!
    • 2020
  • 1994
  • LRT
    19942019
  • 2000
  • 2002
  • 2012–2013
  • 2020
  • Krajowe Eliminacje
    • 2003–2004
    Piosenka dla Europy
    • 2006–2009
    Krajowe Eliminacje
    • 2010–2011
    • 2016–2018
    Szansa na Sukces
    • 2020
  • 1994–1999
  • 2001
  • 2005
  • 2014–2015
  • 2019
  • TVP
    19942019
  • 1996
  • 1998–1999
  • 2017
  • 2020
  • 1994
  • 1996
  • 2005
  • 2008–2010
  • 2012
  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 2000–2004
  • 2006–2007
  • 2011
  • 2013–present
  • RTR C1R
    19982019
    • 1999
    • 2001
    • 2003
    • 2020
    Skopje Fest
    • 1996
    • 1998
    • 2000
    • 2002
    • 2005
    • 2008–2011
    • 2015
    Nacionalen Evrosong
    • 2006–2007
  • 2004
  • 2012–2014
  • 2016–present
  • MKRTV
    20002019
  • 2020
  • Eirodziesma
    • 2000–2012
    Dziesma
    • 2013–2014
    Supernova
    • 2015–present
    N/ALTV
    20032018
  • 2015
  • 2019
  • 2020
  • 2005–2014
  • Vidbir
    • 2016–present
  • 2003–2004
  • 20042019
  • 2020
  • Festivali i Këngës
    • 2004–present
    N/ARTSH
    20042009
  • 2010–present
  • 2004–2005
  • 2009
  • 2006–2008
  • RTVA
    20042019
  • 2020
  • Eurofest
    • 2004–2009
    • 2012
    Nationalny Otbor
    • 2013–present
  • 2010–2011
  • BTRC
    20042005
  • 2006
  • 2007–present
  • Evropesma
  • 2004–2006
  • N/AUJRT
    20052018
  • 2014–2015
  • 2019
  • 2020
  • 2005–2013
  • 2016–2018
  • 2020
  • BNT
    20052019
  • 2020
  • O Melodie Pentru Europa
    • 2005–2006
    • 2008–present
  • 2007
  • TRM
    20062019
  • 2012
  • 2020
  • 2007–2011
  • 2013
  • Depi Evratesil
    • 2017–2018
    • 2020
  • 2006
  • 2008
  • 2014–2016
  • 2019
  • AMPTV
    20072019
  • 2010–2014
  • 2020
  • Eurosong
    • 2007–2008
    Eurovision Song CZ
    • 2018–present
  • 2009
  • 2015–2017
  • ČT
    20072019
  • 2009
  • 2020
  • 2007–2012
  • 2015-2017
  • Georgian Idol
    • 2019-2020
  • 2013–2014
  • 2018
  • GPB
    20072019
  • 2010
  • 2011
  • 2020
  • MontenegroSong
    • 2007–2008
    Montevizija
    • 2018–2019
  • 2009
  • 2012–2017
  • RTCG
    20072019
  • 2014
  • 2020
  • Beovizija
    • 2007–2009
    • 2018–present
    Internally selected composers
    • 2010–2011
    • 2015
    Beosong
    • 2013
  • 2012
  • 2016–2017
  • RTS
    20082019
  • 2020
  • Land of Fire
    • 2008–2010
    Milli Seçim Turu
    • 2011–2013
    Böyük Səhnə
    • 2014
  • 2015–present
  • İTV
    20082019
  • 2009–2010
  • 2020
  • 1 in 360
    • 2018
  • 2008
  • 2011–2017
  • 2019–
  • SMRTV
    20152019
  • 2020
  • Eurovision - Australia Decides
    • 2019–present
  • 2015–2018
  • SBS
    CountryDebut yearLatest entryAbsent yearsNational FinalInternal SelectionBroadcaster

    Unsuccessful attempts to participate