Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133


Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 is a United States Navy Construction Battalion, otherwise known as a Seabee Battalion, homeported at the Naval Construction Battalion Center . The unit was formed during World War II as the 133rd Naval Construction Battalion. It saw action and was decommissioned shortly after the war ended. The unit was reactivated as Mobile Construction Battalion 133 for the Vietnam War and remains an active unit today.

History

WWII – Iwo Jima: 133 Naval Construction Battalion

The unit's history began on 17 September 1943 at Camp Peary, Virginia, where it was commissioned as the 133rd Naval Construction Battalion. After 7 months of training at Davisville, Gulfport and Port Hueneme the battalion's first overseas assignment was NAS Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii. On 15 October 1944 word was received that the battalion was going to be attached to the 4th Marine Division. On 30 October the assignment came for Operation Detachment at Iwo Jima. D-day was planned for 19 February 1945. When 133 was attached to the 4th it was filling a billet that had been vacated when the 121st CB was released by the Marine Corps. The 121st CB had been transferred to the Marine Corps and re-designated as the 3rd Battalion of the 20th Marine Regiment. After the assault of Tinian the 20th Marines were inactivated. Then both the 1st battalion and 2nd battalion were placed under Divisional control. Third battalion 3/20 or the 121st, was returned to the Navy creating the vacancy 133 was posted to. Before joining the 4th at Camp Maui, the 133rd was put through the Army's Pacific Jungle Combat Training Center at Schofield Barracks on Oahu, TH.
Once assigned to the division the battalion had each company detached and "tasked" to a different element of the 23rd Marines for shore party training. The battalion's shore party assignment was to provide the beach support required by the forward lines of the 23rd, 24th, and 25th Marines. The division shipped out for Island "X" on 31 December with V Amphibious Corps as T.U. 56.2.2 of Baker Landing Group. Baker group was commanded by Major General C.B Cates USMC of the 4th Marine Division. When they were a few days out the men learned they were heading to a place they had never heard of called Iwo Jima. The assault for Iwo was based upon Tinian where the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions assault had been "reinforced" by Marine Engineering Regiments with the 18th and 121st CBs as 3rd battalions respectively. On D+3 the Jap airfield was secured and the Seabees had it operational in a few hours. For Iwo the 4th and 5th Marine Divisions were "reinforced" by the 133rd and 31st NCBs. Marine Corps landing maps indicate that for O-1 Motoyama Airfield No. 1 would be secured and 133 was tasked to get it operational. However, D+5 the assignment was given to the 31st CB due to the losses 133 had suffered. The next day 62 CB landed with the 3rd Marine Division and was designated the lead Battalion for Airfield No. 1. The 31st was assigned Airfield No. 2 and the 133rd was given Airfield No. 3. In just seven days the heavy equipment of the 3 combined battalions had Airfield No. 1 operational.
The 133rd CB and the 4th Marine Pioneer Battalion were the primary units of the "Assault" shore parties for the 23rd and 25th Regimental Combat Teams on the 4th Marine Division's yellow and blue beaches. The 4th Marine Division's single Pioneer Battalion was assigned to the 25th RCT. USMC tactical operations required another Pioneer battalion for the 23rd RCT's Assault. The 121st CB had been tasked as such at Roi-Namur, Siapan, and Tinian so giving that task to the 133rd was simply standard 4th Marine Division operations. Tasking Seabees for USMC shore party at Iwo was a fortuitous decision for the Corps. The CBs brought organic elements the Marines did not have, specifically, bulldozers with winches and D8s 132–148 Hp compared to the Marine Corp's TD 18s 72–80 Hp. Afterwards, the after action reports recommended all USMC bulldozers be equipped with winches as they had none. The history is, that "on the beach at Iwo, bulldozers proved to be worth their weights in Gold" and the CBs had the biggest and the best the Navy could provide.
The Landing Force Shore Party Commander was OIC of the 8th Marine Field Depot.
Hq Co was posted to the 23rd Marines support group and was the Hq for yellow beaches 1 and 2. They came ashore at 1445 from the APA 196 – USS Logan. The Company had two 30 man infantry security sections plus two 30 cal. machine guns on the beach defense line until their ratings were needed. The medics had one Dr. MIA another Dr. and Dentist wounded while many of their corpsmen were casualties. Even so, 133's corpsman established a Medevac station on blue 1. Also with Hq Co was a 32-man depot team from the 8th Marine Depot Company to manage the depots on yellow beaches.
A Co was the major component of the shore party posted to 1st Battalion 23rd Marines or 1/23 which was the left "Assault" battalion for yellow beach. D-day they landed a 0935 on yellow beach 1 from APA 158 – USS Newberry and LSM 206. A Co 4th Pioneers was split in two to share their combat experience/knowledge and was attached to A Co 133. One of A Co's security sections landed in 4 LCVPs with one 7-man gun crew and 37mm Gun M3 in each craft. One LCVP took a direct hit killing the entire gun crew. 133's gun crews were immediately tasked with supporting the assault. A Co's other security section landed on the heels of the first wave. The USN beach party from the USS Newberry was attached to A Co. Also with A Co was a 32-man beach team from the 8th Marine Depot Company.
B Co was the major component of the shore party posted to 2nd Battalion 23rd Marines or 2/23 which was the right "Assault" battalion for yellow beach. They also landed at 0935 but on yellow 2 from the APA 207 – USS Mifflin and LSM 202. A Co 4th Pioneers was split in two to share their combat experience/knowledge and was attached to B Co 133. B Co's security sections landed the same as A Co. The USN beach party from the USS Mifflin was assigned to serve with B Co. Also with B Co was a 32-man beach team from the 8th Marine Depot Company. 2nd Battalion 23rd Marines had three LSTs numbers: 587, 761, and 812.
C Co was posted to the 3rd Battalion 23rd Marines or 3/23 which was the reserve "Assault" battalion for yellow beach. They landed D-day at 1220 from the APA 154 – USS Lowndes and LSM 145. Their security section advanced to the edge of the airfield. The beach-master made C Co Commander the Commander of yellow beach 2 on D+6 when the 21st's Shore Parties moved to black beach. A 43 man beach party from the USS Lowndes served with C Co.
note: WWII CB security sections were the equivalent of a heavy weapons platoon today.
D Co was posted to the 4th Pioneer Battalion's reserve. The 25th Marines lists them in their "support group". However, the 4th Marine Div. Operations Report of April 1945 places them in the 25th's "Assault reserve" with 2/25 on APA 190 the USS Pickens. The 25th had just 2 LSMs assigned to the Shore Party so D Co's equipment would have been on LSTs.
They landed at 1600 on blue 2. They were "tactically disposed" and told to dig in.
USN WWII phonetic alphabet A = Able, B = Baker, C = Charlie, D = Dog
The Unit Histories of both the 4th and 5th Marine Divisions state that the conditions on the beach for the Shore Parties and the USN Beach Parties were worse than the front lines. D-day all personnel were initially employed to aid the evacuation of casualties. From D-day until D+5 the men were on duty 24 hrs a day. To get sleep men would go up to the front lines where it was safer. D+5 to D+8 work was 4 hrs on 4 hrs off. From D+8 to D+14 work was 4 hrs on 8 hrs off. On D+14 it changed to straight 8 hr shifts. The corpsman, security sections, equipment operators and truck drivers were on call at all times, from the beginning to the end of the assault. On D+18 133's Companies were relieved by the Army Garrison Shore Party. The battalion reorganized and returned to the Navy.
The battle for Iwo Jima took 26 days. In that time 133 suffered 328 casualties, with 3 officers and 39 enlisted KIA and 2 MIA. It was the price paid for being ordered into USMC fatigues and landing battalion strength in an assault tasked as a USMC Pioneer Battalion. Their losses were the highest ever for a Seabee unit. The battalion was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation the same as the other 3 shore party battalions: 4th Marine Pioneer, 5th Marine Pioneer and 31st CB. However, the unit is incorrectly listed in the NUC Section of the Iwo Jima awards. It should read "133rd NCB ". This is how the 4th and 5th Pioneer Battalions were listed. Had this been done then A, B, C and D Companies would have been listed in the PUC section for being assigned to their respective Assault Battalions 1/23, 2/23, 3/23 and 2/25 exactly the way the Pioneer Companies were for their PUC's. The 4th did not follow protocol and put the entire Battalion up for the PUC like it had done with the 121st on Saipan. All of the shore party battalions were designated "Support" so it was automatically rejected. It was the individual companies that were posted as "Assault". Marine Commandant Gen. Vandergrift recommended that the PUC be given to all the "Assault" units and the NUC to those designated "Support". Fox Annex to the 4th Marine Division's Operations Reports, dated April 1945, show 133's Companies individually as "Assault" components. A footnote to the awards is that in addition to all the Purple Hearts 133's men received 10 Bronze Stars and 29 Marine Commendations. Before that happened the battalion would crush over 100,000 tons of rock, move over 1 million cubic yards of earth, lay 5,800 feet of drainpipe, install 4,000 feet of conduit and pour 725 yards of concrete. 133 graded the site and built the entrances for both the 3rd Marine Division and the 4th Marine Division at the cemetery on Iwo. After the three airfields had been completed Admiral Bull Halsey stated "that if needed, the Seabees could make island and put... five airfields on it".

USMC commendatory 133 observations

Capt. Jesse L. Massey, Quartermaster 8th Marine field depot. "No words of tribute can express what those boys did. Nothing I could say would be adequate. They were brave resourceful enough to carry out a difficult assignment under the most hazardous conditions."
Warrant Gunner Carl H. Gerlach Ord. Company 4th Marine Div. "I saw Seabees of the 133rd carry ammo to marines on the front lines until we could set up a dump behind the lines. I understand they were under fire for the first time.
The work I saw done by members of the battalion was as fine an example of Seabee "Can Do" as will ever be turned in by any outfit."
Col. Shelton Scales Commander 3rd Bn 23rd Marines recommended 133 for the PUC. He stated this in an interview
with LtCol. Oliver North for War Stories.
Lt. General Snowden USMC recommended 133 for the PUC to the Board for Correction of the Naval Record.
On 28 September 1945 the 9th Construction Brigade informed 8, 31, and 133 NCBs that they were detached from the 41st Construction Regiment on Iwo Jima and would act independently until reassigned. In October some of 133's men went with the 31st NCB to Sasebo, Japan for the occupation reconstruction. In late November 1945 the 133rd was moved to Guam. On 1 December, it took over the work orders of the decommissioned 25th NCB. The same fate awaited the 133rd later that month on the 27th due to the reduced need for the existing Naval Construction force.
The 133rd that landed on Iwo Jima had an insignia drawn by Hank Porter at the Walt Disney Studios Insignia Department. A second class Jack E. Dorn – 3rd platoon D Co. sent a request to the Disney Studios on 9 December 1944 from Camp Maui, TH. The Studios received it on 26 December and sent the completed design in June 1945. The battalion received Disney's drawing on Iwo Jima. That insignia was of a Seabee walking, carrying a hammer and monkey wrench while chewing his oats. "RAIN-MAKERS" was the moniker those men used as they felt it rained everywhere they went. It also was the name they used on the Unit History published in 1946.

Vietnam, MCB 133

The battalion was reactivated 12 August 1966 in Gulfport, Mississippi, as a Mobile Construction Battalion. It seems the battalion did not have a copy of the unit History from WWII with the Disney insignia and there was a belief that the battalion's first deployment was supposed to have been Australia. This belief produced the Kangaroo insignia and the slogan "Kangaroo Can Do". After completion of training in Gulfport and Camp Lejeune they deployed to Đà Nẵng East, Vietnam. The battalion was awarded its second Navy Unit Commendation for this tour. The second deployment to Nam took them to Phu Bai Combat Base. This time they had a huge project laying 10,000 sheets on matting at that airfield. During this deployment an urgent airfield was needed at Quảng Trị. The project was designated "top secret", site "X", and to be completed in under 45 days. MCBs 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 74, 121, and 133 all sent detachments of men and equipment to get the job done. Those detachments dubbed themselves the Ghost Battalion and chose the Jolly Roger for the Battalion's colors. The Ghost Battalion was relieved by NMCB 10 and disbanded 1 November 1967. A "High Priority" in 1968 was roadwork on Rt 1, the length of Vietnam. In addition to NMCB 133, CBs 1, 4, 7, 8, 11, 53, 58, 62, 71, 74,and 138 all worked concurrently on it. In 1969 the third deployment was to Camp Wilkinson, at Gia Le, 6 miles southeast of Hue. A large project that time was the repair of the 286-foot center span of the main highway bridge damaged during the Tet Offensive. The battalion, along with NMCB 128, provided material support to NMCBs 1 and 11 while they repaired the bridge at Bau Phu on Route 1. At Phu Bai Combat Base MCB 1 had a crew assisting 133 laying asphalt there.
In 1970 the battalion did a tour where the sun never set on it. It deployed to Okinawa with detachments to: Guam, Biên Hòa Air Base, Vietnam, Azores and the Aleutians. This was followed by a deployment of firsts. They were the first Alantic fleet Battalion to serve as the alert Battalion for the Pacific Fleet. From Okinawa they had detachments to Iwakuni, Japan, Oahu, Hawaii, Biên Hòa, Vietnam and Subic Bay, P.I. 1970 was the transitional year for Seabee involvement in Vietnam. From then on their deployed strength was drawn down and 133 did not deploy there again.
During the 1974 Okinawa Deployment, the battalion lost two Officers in an ambush in the Philippines to unknown assailants. Commanding Officer Cdr. L.R. Dobler and Lt. Jefferies PI OIC. Also killed was Capt. T. Mitchell Commander 30th NCR.

Iraq

In March 1991 the battalion deployed to Spain and was ordered to send its AirDet to Zakho, Iraq, on 1 April. Three weeks later on the 22nd orders came to recall all detachments and for the main body to redeploy to Zakho as a component of Operation Provide Comfort. This took the battalion to Iraq assigned to the Army's 18th Engineer Brigade. When the Main Body mounted out of Rota its equipment was sent by sea to Iskenderum, Turkey. From there it was convoyed 400 miles to Zakho, Iraq. NMCB 133's base was established in a walled compound called Camp Sommers with the headquarters of the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit and the 18th Engineer Brigade. Operation Provide Comfort had two Joint Task Forces with JTF Bravo headed by the 24th MEU. Due to the amount of work they were tasked with, the battalion went to 12-hour days. It was an emergency service relief effort that originally was thought would take 3 months. However, due to the large number of Kurds returning home from the refugee-displaced person camps, 133 was able leave after 8 weeks.

Bosnia

December 1995 into 1996, in support of the Implementation Force code named Operation Joint Endeavour an Air Det Heavy of 170 men deployed to the Sava River crossing at Zupanja, Croatia. There they constructed the first and very urgently needed displaced persons tent camp of the Implementation Force. Renovation of the NATO Commander's facilities in Sarajevo was one project. Detail Juliet Echo was assigned the construction of camps for the US Army's 16th Corps Support Group in Croatia and the 1st Armored Division's Ready 1st Combat Team in Bosnia.
1997 Korean Air Lines flight 801 crashed in the jungles of Guam and 133 helped get ground access to the site.
In March 1998 the battalion sent a Det of 217 men back to Bosnia to build SEAHuts and do bridge repair work.

Iraq/Afghanistan

On 28 November 2001 the first members of NMCB 133 arrived at Camp Rhino, Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom.
During this deployment it was decided to make Camp X-Ray operational again and 133 sent the battalion's detail at Roosevelt Roads to Guantanamo Bay to make it happen.
January and February 2003 saw the battalion deployed in support of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force operationally assigned to the 1st MEF Engineer Group. In Southern Iraq the battalion created a POW facility for 14,000, provided defense for 2 bridges and maintenance to the main supply routes as part of Task Force Charlie. Task Force Charlie was made up of NMCB-4, NMCB-74, NMCB-133, CBMU-303 and SU-2 and had a base in Kuwait, Camp Moreell. The men also assembled the largest pontoon bridge since WWII, at Zubadiyah, North of Al Kut, on the Tigris. Another bridge they worked on was the Sarabadi, near Hillah, where they used a Mabey-Johnson Bridge to repair the existing damaged one. The battalion lost a man to a non-combat explosion there from unexploded ordnance. In addition, the battalion completed 60 major Civil Action Projects in Kuwait and Iraq. The unit was active in both Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

2005–present

On 29 August 2005 Hurricane Katrina came through the central Gulf Coast, taking many lives and causing catastrophic damage to the homes and businesses of countless residents. "Within a day, the Seabees from NMCBs 1, 7, and 133 rushed out to clear roads for emergency workers as part of Joint Task Force Katrina". They were joined by NMCBs 18 and 40 plus ACB 2 and CBMUs 202 and 303. "In the ensuing weeks, NMCB 133 provided extensive humanitarian aid around the area, including the critical repair of lift stations, cleaning and repair of government buildings and schools, and the distribution of food, water and clothing to local residents in need". As these important projects were going on, teams from the battalion were deployed to assist Seabees whose homes were affected by Katrina. "In NMCB 133, 118 out of 659 people either lost their homes entirely or had them damaged so badly they were uninhabitable". Those Seabees and their families either sought refuge in warehouses on base or with friends and family. That November saw the Battalion deployed to numerous sites throughout Southwest Asia, with additional details in Guam and Whidbey Island. In Iraq, NMCB 133 supported Marines, Special Operations Forces and Iraqi Security Forces.
The Battalion's 2007 deployment involved four continents. The battalion worked in support of Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa building schools in remote villages and making potable water available to the people. A detail assigned to "New Horizons" built schools in rural Belize. NMCB 133 also had a presence in São Tomé, working with Underwater Construction Team ONE in the reconstruction the Coast Guard only boat launch.
The next two deployments were to Iraq and Okinawa. "NMCB 133's Seabees built the foundation for new buildings on White Beach Naval Facility in Okinawa and restored running water to a village in Kemaman district of Malaysia that had not had such a luxury in over three years. A 35-foot wind-powered turbine and solar panel were installed to provide power to the pump". At the end of that PACOM tour, the 133 returned to Gulfport, MS for a 15-month homeport and training cycle.
In March 2010, the battalion deployed over 600 Seabees to Afghanistan in support of the 30,000 troop surge. NMCB 133 successfully set up a site on Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan which was used as their main-body site. "The site consisted of nothing more than a bed of gravel when they arrived. Within a month, the battalion had a fully operational Seabee camp. They constructed buildings, set up tents, and worked with an adjacent Army unit to supply power". Among the list of accomplishments completed by the Seabees of 133 the following were most noteworthy:
In October 2010, NMCB 133 received the Atlantic Fleet Best of Type Battle "E" award for its outstanding efforts during the CENTCOM deployment.
In March 2011, the battalion once again deployed to Camp Shields, Okinawa, Japan where it was involved in many projects, including the renovation of a new galley facility, the construction of a 207 square meter concrete storage building at White Beach Naval Facility, installation of concrete drainage ditches, and camp improvement projects on Camp Shields.
In September 2012, NMCB 133 deployed to Afghanistan to become the last active duty battalion to deploy to the country. During the course of this deployment, the battalion twice broke the record for the longest convoy in the Naval Construction Force's history.
Personnel from NMCB 133 plus a bulldozer arrived in Liberia from Djibouti and on 27 September 2014 began site preparation near the Monrovia Airport for construction of a dozen or more hospitals to be built by the U.S. military's Operation United Assistance in response to the Ebola crisis in West Africa.

Unit awards

NMCB 133 has received several unit citations and commendations. Members who participated in actions that merited the award are authorized to wear the medal or ribbon associated with the award on their uniform. Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces have different categories, i.e. Service, Campaign, Unit, and Personal. Unit Citations are distinct from the other decorations. The following unit awards are 133's:
NMCB 133's Battle Streamer for Vietnam has four bronze stars: the streamer alone counts as the first award. MCB 133 made 3 tours of Vietnam. The conflict was divided into 18 award periods and the battalion qualifies for five.