An L-shaped shoal sits in the middle of major shipping lanes just off the coast of Hampton Roads, Virginia, creating a hazard in the 1880s as ships drew more water. The US Lighthouse Board identified the need for a lighthouse in this area in 1887, and after several economizing changes to the design, construction began in 1890 and was completed in the spring of the following year. This was the first sparkplug lighthouse built in Virginia. The station was automated in 1954, at which time the light and fog bell were altered. The light flashed a white 3,000 candlepower every six seconds, and the fog bell sounded one stroke every fifteen seconds, instead of two. The lighthouse was also downgraded along with these changes; the Coast Guard reclassified it as a "second class tall nun buoy." This also marked the beginning of a period of neglect. In 1979, the now unmanned light was struck by a tugboat, and an inspection in 1982 showed serious damage to the first floor gallery and leaks into the foundation. Broken and jammed windows and doors allowed seagulls into the interior. Some repairs were made, but more significant changes were made in 1986–87, when the light was converted to solar power. The new beacon was placed outside the lantern, and the following year a more substantial renovation was done in an effort to remedy the damage and neglect. However, inspections in 1992 and 1994 showed that the decline of the light continued. Construction of the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel produced a background to the light which tended to obscure it. In 2000, the beacon was returned to the interior of the lantern, and the characteristic changed to red in order to make it more visible against the bridge's lights. This light was among a group offered to non-profit groups under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act in 2005. There were no takers, and it was put up for auction and purchased by the Billingsley and Gonsoulin families with a final bid of $31,000. The families renovated the lighthouse and use it as a vacation home.
