Australia's first newspaper was the Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, that began in 1803. In 1810, the second newspaper in Australia, the Derwent Star and Van Diemen's Land Intelligencer was founded in Van Diemen's Land, but it was short-lived and ceased publication the same year. Victoria's first paper was the Melbourne Advertiser which began in 1838. By the mid-1850s, there were 11 papers in Tasmania. The Tasmanian and Port Dalrymple Advertiser founded in Launceston in 1825 was the first provincial newspaper in Australia. Early newspapers tended to consist of four pages and generally appeared one or two days a week. They were hindered by occasional shortages of suitable paper, ink, compositors and printers. Publication sometimes had to be suspended due to such shortages. Australia's longest-running newspaper, the Sydney Morning Herald, was first published as the Sydney Herald in 1831. The Heralds rival, The Daily Telegraph, was first published in July 1879. Weekly newspapers were an important feature of the Australian newspaper scene in the nineteenth century. Illustrated newspapers became increasingly important. They initially featured woodcut engravings and toward the end on the nineteenth century black and white photographs began to appear. Australia's first foreign-language newspaper, Die Deutsche Post für die australischen Kolonien was published in Adelaide from 1848–1850. Australia's first national daily newspaper, Daily Commercial News was first published in April 1891. Only during the second part of the twentieth century did other national newspapers start to be published. Newspapers played an important role in Australia in the nineteenth century. According to historian and former newspaper man Thomas McCombie in his, History of the Colony of Victoria, These sentiments were echoed by Richard Twopeny in, Town Life in Australia, This national obsession with newspapers continued into the 20th century so that historian Ken Inglis could note in 1962 that,
20th century
There were 26 metropolitan dailies in 1924, but this had fallen to just 14 by the 1960s due to closures and amalgamations. During the same period, the number of separate proprietors had gone from 21 to seven. During the 1980s and 1990s colour printing and cold offset printing took place in the production of newspapers. Many newspapers became available in electronic form either on CD-ROM or via the World Wide Web.
21st century
The disruption of traditional print media by digital media that began late in the 20th century continued into the 21st century. In response, newspapers in Australia closed, amalgamated and/or laid off staff. All major newspapers and most minor newspapers in Australia now produce a digital version of their publication. Some periodicals produce a digital version only. Further major changes to legacy media in Australia seem inevitable.
