Nicolas Jean Ernault de Rignac des Bruslys was a French general and governor of Île Bonaparte.
Biography
Early career
Des Bruslys joined the École des Mineurs in Verdun on 28 September 1774. The school was closed the next year, and he joined the elite gardes du corps du roi, in the Noailles company. He received a commission of second lieutenant at the 3rd Artillery regiment in July 1780. In 1781, des Bruslys took part in an attempt to invade India. He was promoted to first lieutenantin September 1783 and to captain of the Colonial troops on 7 May 1786. He took part in a diplomatic mission to Persia before returning to France in 1787. From January 1788, he served as aide to the inspector of the artillery. In September, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On 14 September, he distinguished himself at Croix-aux-Bois, reforming disbanded battalions and disbanding four battalions which were threatened with encirclement. On the following day, he saved the supplies of his army which were being attacked by three squadrons. On 8 October 1789, he was promoted to Adjudant-général-colonel, and took part in the siege ofNamur, personally leading the capture of the fort of Vilatte. On 26 November, he was wounded by shrapnel in the right arm.
Revolutionary wars
From 26 January 1793, he directed siege works at Maastricht, where he was wounded on 27 February 1794 by a cannonball in the right leg. On 7 August 1794, des Bruslys was promoted to acting Général de brigade and served as de facto chief of staff of the armies of the North, of Belgium and of Ardennes. His rank was confirmed on 13 May, but revoked on 10 August and he was arrested shortly thereafter following suspicions raised by the defection of his brothers in 1791. He was released at the Thermidorian Reaction, on 9 Thermidor Year II. On 22 Thermidor, he was again arrested as former head of staff of Custine. He was freed on 19 Frimaire an III and dispatched to the West Army. Des Bruslys was soon called back to Paris, and defended the Convention nationale during the Prairial uprising. On 26 Germinal, he was sent to the Army of the North. From 25 Pluviôse an V, he was in charge of defending the coast. On 28 Messidor an VI, he was sent to the Army of England, which he quit to take back his previous position on 21 nivôse an VII. He was seconded to the Army of the Rhine on 26 frimaire an VIII, where he distinguished himself at Fribourg and Biberach an der Riß. He served under Jean Victor Marie Moreau at Ulm and defended St. Gotthard Pass. In Vendémiaire an X, he took command of the Souham division, before being put at the disposal of the Ministry of the Navy. On 25 Nivôse, he was sent to Rochefort, embarked aboard the frigate Thêmis and sailed to Île de France, under François-Louis Magallon. He married there. When Magallon was sent back to France, Decaen appointed des Bruslys governor of Réunion. On 4 germinal an XII, he received the Legion of Honour, and on 13 juillet 1808, he was promoted to Général de division
had thought that the British would attempt a raid at Saint Paul. Des Brulys both did not share the conviction and was reluctant to weaken the defences of Saint-Denis, thinking that his forces did not allow him to effectively defend the entire coastline. The British did attack at Saint Paul, on 21 September 1809. Unable to hold their position, the French retreated to a position near the gunpowder store. Corbett himself showed up with an ultimatum threatening to set the entire city on fire, should the French attack. On the next day, des Bruslys led his force of 50 soldiers and 800 militiamen of the National Guard to counter the British, and found himself facing a 900-man strong expeditionary force already settled in Saint Paul. Des Bruslys hesitated between launching a direct assault and constructing a defensive line to contain the British. In the evening, he retreated to Saint-Denis in order to organise its defense against a potential invasion, leaving captain Saint-Michel to negotiate with the British. On 23, a capitulation act was written at Saint Paul, which des Bruslys refused to sign. At the same time, General Soleille threatened him with the decree of 14 pluviôse An II, which made "cowardice on the battlefield" punishable by the death penalty, should he not order an assault. Wanting neither to surrender, nor to order an assault which he deemed would end in a needless bloodbath, he redacted a note stating: Bruslys then attempted to kill himself with his sabre, but failed. He then tried to blow his head off by detonating two sacks of gunpowder tied to his neck, but the powder failed to explode properly and left him severely burned. He eventually slit his carotid with his razor, successfully killing himself. His widow obtained a 1000-franc pension in 1811.
