Nieheim, with its more than 750-year-old history reaches well back into the Middle Ages. From its beginnings as a community, it grew after being granted municipal privileges in Bishop Bernhard IV's time, into today's town of Nieheim. After quickly developing from a former farming town and Hanseatic member, Nieheim has risen today to be a climatic spa with a function as a minor centre, and a mediaeval town with flair.
Nieheim's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In gules a cross Or, in each quarter an orb Or. These arms date from 1591 at the latest, and the colours are those borne by the old Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn, among whose many holdings was Nieheim. The orbs stand for Saint Nicholas, the town's patron saint. The coat of arms was granted on 18 July 1908.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Owing to Nieheim's advantageous location on the north-south-running East Westphalia Road, otherwise known as Federal Highway B252, connections to Autobahnen A 2 and A 44 are right at hand. Nieheim is also easily reached by public transport. The nearest railway stations are Steinheim, Brakel and Altenbeken.
As Nieheim's landmark, the Holsterturm on a nearby bank south of the main town, can look back on a 700-year history.
Mediaeval vault system
Unique in Westphalia is the vault system through which runs the Nikolausbach, which rises below the Holsterberg and runs through the middle of town in this mediaeval vault system.
Weberhaus Nieheim
The Weberhaus Nieheim, the doctor, poet and politician Friedrich Wilhelm Weber's former abode, today houses a widely known Kolping diocesan training centre and a Heimvolkshochschule, which lends itself well to any form of training work and has at its disposal the best technical equipment. Also, the Pan-German Education Centre of Youth in Europe in Nieheim-Himmighausen offers extensive seminars for groups geared towards various ends.
''Nieheimer Flechthecke''
Typical of countryside scenery around Nieheim is what is called Flechthecke, meaning, roughly, "braided hedge". The hedges themselves are mostly – about 80% – hazelnut growth, all planted in a row. Here and there are found the odd hawthorn and single wild roses. Trimmed willow trees, about 2 m high, serve as living fenceposts to keep the hedges steady. Young withes are taken from these willows to do the braiding. If dairy cows or horses are to be kept in the paddock ringed by one of these braided hedges, blackthorn twigs are also tied onto the inside to thwart any nibbling. A finished hedge has a height of roughly 1.5 m and is braided in three layers.
As a relic of an almost forgotten communication technology, a reconstructed optical telegraph station still stands high over the countryside near Oeynhausen. This is run by the Oeynhausen history club, and guided tours are available to those who wish them.
Culinary specialities
In Nieheim, a kind of cheese is made, Nieheimer Käse, a sour milk cheese nowadays made by only one cheesemaker. It had almost been forgotten, but is now becoming better known thanks to tourism. It is ripened in wooden moulds in a warm place and then seasoned with salt and caraway. Depending on the ripening time, it can be a Handkäse, a cooking cheese or a hard grating cheese.
Regular events
''Deutscher Käsemarkt''
The "German Cheese Market" is held every other year – in even-numbered years – and draws cheesemakers from all over the world who make their cheeses the old way, by hand, presenting their finished products. In 2004, the Fourth German Cheese Market drew more than 70,000 visitors to Nieheim. In 2006, the German Cheese Market is to be held on 1–3 September.
''Nieheimer Holztage''
The "Nieheim Wood Days" are held every other year – in odd-numbered years – and everything at this event revolves around the themes "wood, forest and nature".
''Nieheimer Kulturnacht''
The "Nieheim Culture Night" is held on the day when the clocks are advanced from standard time to summer time.
''Nieheimer Chorfestival''
s from all over Germany come to Nieheim for the Choir Festival to train their voices.
''Nieheimer Rosenmontagsumzug''
Nieheim considers itself a stronghold of East Westphaliancarnival custom, and the Rosenmontagsumzug – a colourful parade – is the high point of the season.