After graduating from Purdue in 1964, she taught at the University of Texas at Austin and Rutgers University, then joined the faculty of American University in Washington, D.C in 1974. At AU, she served in numerous administrative roles including associate dean for graduate affairs and research, vice provost for academic services, and dean for faculty affairs. She was active in the university senate, chaired a budget simplification task force, and served as the school's NCAA faculty representative. In 1991, she was appointed chair of AU's chemistry department, a position she held until her death in 2001.
Chemistry research
At American University, she continued physical organic chemistry research, including research on sunscreens for Johnson and Johnson in the 1980s. Her primary focus was reactions of alcohols with silver and bromine salts, and she supervised numerous graduate students, more than half of whom were women.
Advocacy work
She is better known for her administrative and advocacy work. She worked closely with her AU colleague, mathematician Mary Gray to improve resources for women and minorities in mathematics and science and prevent them from dropping classes. They created an apprenticeship program to help show first year female students an interdisciplinary, people-oriented perspective of scientists. The program, funded by a $95,000 grant from the NSF included a seminar course followed by a two-month apprenticeship working with a scientist engaged in science policy work. From 1976 to 1981, she administered a National Science Foundation -funded reentry program to retrain women with degrees in chemistry or biology who had previously been discouraged from pursuing careers in those fields. The program involved a year of intensive coursework in chemistry or toxicology at American University for 75 women, with an average age of 40, some of whom had been out of school for 15 years. Five years after the program ended, of the 75 participants, nine had received a Ph.D. in chemistry, 25 had earned master's degrees, and eight were in graduate school. Later analysis showed the program had also succeeded in ensuring them job placement in diverse career paths. In addition to her work at AU, she held a part-time position as program director of science education for the National Science Foundation starting in 1986. At the NSF, she worked in the Instructional Laboratory Improvement Program, then became director of the Undergraduate Faculty Enhancement program in the Division of Undergraduate Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Education in 1988. She joined the American Chemical Society in 1960 and was very active in the organization. She served on the ACS Women Chemists Committee from 1974 to 1979 and was president of ACS' Washington, D.C. section in 1995.
Historian work
She was interested in the history of women in chemistry, and authored the book Women Chemists for the American Chemical Society in 1995. Much of her extensive research on female chemists is archived in the Archives of Women in Science and Engineering at Iowa State University; these "Nina Matheny Roscher Papers" are open for research and commonly cited. She also looked to the present and future of women in chemistry, analyzing statistics on disparities in training, retention, and compensation of female scientists. She compiled a 1990 ACS survey evaluating salaries of members and women's perceptions and satisfaction with their employment situation and opportunities for advancement.
In 1996 she received the ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences. In 1998, she received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring, a yearly award administered by the National Science Foundation which recognizes up to ten "outstanding individual efforts and organizational programs designed to increase the participation of underrepresented groups in mathematics, engineering, and science in kindergarten-12th grade and through the graduate level". She was one of six chemists to receive the $10,000 grant award that year, which was presented by President Bill Clinton at a White House ceremony.
