Ninjas in popular culture
Ninjas are historically known as Japanese spies, assassins, or thieves who formed their own caste outside the usual feudal divisions of lords, and samurai serfs. They are often used as stock characters in Japanese and world popular culture.
History
The ninja first entered popular culture in the Edo period. In modern Japan, ninjas are a national myth that stems from folk tales and continues through modern day popular culture. Though many Japanese warriors performed amazing feats, there is no evidence that any of them were supernatural. Some of folk tales are based on historical figures, such as a daimyō challenging a ninja to prove his worth by stealing his pillow or weapon while he slept.Ninja-themed international media franchises include the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and the Naruto manga and anime series.
Legendary abilities
or supernatural powers were sometimes associated with the ninja. Such powers include flight, invisibility, shapeshifting, the ability to "split" into multiple bodies, the summoning of animals, and control over the five classical elements. These notions stemmed from popular imagination regarding the ninja's mysterious status, as well as romantic ideas found in later Japanese art during the Edo period. Magical powers were sometimes rooted in the ninja's own efforts to disseminate fanciful information. For example, Nakagawa Shoshujin, the 17th-century founder of Nakagawa-ryū, or martial art style, claimed in his own writings that he had the ability to transform into birds and animals.Perceived control over the elements may be grounded in real tactics, which were categorized by association with forces of nature. For example, the practice of starting fires in order to cover a ninja's trail falls under katon-no-jutsu.
'' seal, which allows him to transform into a giant rat. Woodblock print on paper. Kunisada, 1857.
The ninja's adaption of kites in espionage and warfare is another subject of legends. Accounts exist of ninjas being lifted into the air by kites, where they flew over hostile terrain and descended into or dropped bombs on enemy territory. Kites were indeed used in Japanese warfare, but mostly for the purpose of sending messages and relaying signals. Turnbull suggests that kites lifting a man into midair might have been technically feasible, but states that the use of kites to form a human "hang glider" falls squarely in the realm of fantasy.
Kuji-kiri
Kuji-kiri is an esoteric religious practice which, when performed with an array of specified hand "seals", or gestures, was meant to allow the ninja to interact with the spirit world and allow them to perform superhuman feats.The kuji is a concept originating from Taoism, where it was a string of nine words used in charms and incantations. In China, this tradition mixed with Buddhist beliefs, assigning each of the nine words to a Buddhist deity. The kuji may have arrived in Japan via Buddhism,8-11rp|13rp|24–27rp|24–25rp|31–33rp|31Citation needed|date=March 2019
1998 East Java ninja scare
The 1998 East Java ninja scare was an outbreak of mass hysteria in East Java, Indonesia, in which the local population believed they were being targeted by sorcerers known as ninja, who were blamed for mysterious killings of religious leaders by assassins dressed in black. As many as 150-300 “sorcerers” were killed between February and October, with the most deaths occurring between August and September.Armed groups
Several real life paramilitary, police and militia groups use the names "Ninja" or "Ninjas":- The Santomean special-police force of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, officially known as the Emergency Police, are popularly known as Ninjas.
- Rebels in the Pool Region of the Republic of the Congo called themselves Ninja.
- The Red Berets, a Croatian Serb rebel paramilitary group of Dragan Vasiljković based in Knin, Croatia, called themselves "Kninjas". During the early 1990s, the Kninjas were the subject of a Serbian comic-book series.
- Although some death squads active during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor called themselves "Ninja", the name was apparently borrowed from film rather than the Japanese model. "Ninja" gangs were also active elsewhere in Indonesia.
- During the Algerian Civil War, the government's commando units were known as "Ninja" because of their black hoods.
- The FBI's Hostage Rescue Team have been nicknamed "Ninjas".
Other
In information technology, "cyber ninja" are sophisticated counter-hackers.
Business
, the annual ninja festival in Iga in the former province of Iga, has had ninja-inspired performances, competitions and opportunities to practice ninja skills since 1964.Attractions
Other ninja attractions in Japan include the Koga Ninja Village and Kogaryu Ninjutsu Yashiki in Koga-gun, Shiga Prefecture, the Togakushi Ninja Village for children, the Togakushi Ninpo Museum and Karakuri Yashiki in Togakushi, Nagano, the Edo Wonderland theme park in Nikkō, Tochigi and the restaurants Men no Sato and Ninja Akasaka in Tokyo and Ninja Kyoto in Kyoto.Examples
Anime and manga
- Black Lion : Manga series.
- Brave10: Manga adaptation of Sanada Ten Braves.
- Kunoichi Hajimemashita!: Gag manga series.
- Naruto: Manga and anime series.
- The Last Kunoichi : Erotic anime series about kunoichi caught in the struggles of the late Tokugawa shogunate.
- Sarutobi Sasuke: Manga by Shigeru Sugiura.
- Sasuga no Sarutobi: TV series and comedy manga by Fujihiko Hosono about a ninja high school.
- Shōnen Jiraiya: manga by Shigeru Sugiura.
- Tenshi wa Maiorita - Kunoichi Ibun: Historical manga series by Ryoichi Ikegami.
- Zannen Kunoichi Den: manga series.
- Millennium Actress.
- Sailor Victory: Comedy OAV series about a team of policewomen using ninja robots.
- Planetes.
- Tower of Etruria.
Film
Games
Video games
In addition to video games, several game-development companies use "ninja" in their name: Ninja Studio, Ninja Theory, Ninjaforce, NinjaKiwi, and Team Ninja. In massively multiplayer online role-playing games, "ninja", "loot ninja" or "ninja looter" pejoratively describes a player who has stolen something from another player.Traditional games
- .
Literature
Novels
Ninja-themed novels include:- Tulku, a Tale of Modern Ninja: novel by American ninjutsu practitioner Stephen K. Hayes.
- Tsuma-wa, Kunoichi: historical novel.
- Vineland.
Non-Japanese comics
- The Justice League: Shogun of Steel one-shot substitutes Batman with a Japanese female ninja named Komori.
- Half Past Danger.
- Zombee.
Music
- Ninja Crew.
- "Inner Ninja" by Classified.
- Built by Ninjas is a music video production group formed by Jaret Reddick and Heath Balderston.
- Fans of the rap group Insane Clown Posse, known as juggalos, sometimes refer to themselves as "ninja".
- Members of Momoiro Clover Z dressed as ninja for the music video for "D' no Junjō".
- Rika Adachi performed in a music video based on a song from Naruto.
Sports
- Iga FC Kunoichi is a Japanese Nadeshiko League women's association football team.
- Ninja Chops wrestles in the Naked Women's Wrestling League.
Television
Series
- Samurai Girl.
- Tsuma-wa, Kunoichi.
- Batman Beyond.
- Black Dynamite.
- Stroker and Hoop.
- Honda Civic Si.