No. 185 Squadron RAF


No. 185 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron formed in World War I and reformed as a bomber and fighter unit in World War II. It then reformed in Malta in the post war period as a jet fighter squadron.

History

Formation and World War I

No. 185 Squadron was formed in East Fortune, East Lothian, Scotland on 21 August 1918 and was equipped with Sopwith Cuckoo torpedo-bomber aircraft, it did not become operational and disbanded on 14 April 1919.

Reformation in World War II

The squadron was reformed at RAF Abingdon on 1 June 1938, two days later six Hawker Hind aircraft were transferred from 40 Squadron and from the 21 June these were gradually replaced with Fairey Battles before moving to RAF Thornaby on 1 September 1938. On 2 June 1939 the squadron were re-equipped with Handley Page Hampden Mk.1's before moving from RAF Thornaby to RAF Cottesmore on 24 August 1939 where it continued as a bomber squadron equipped with 15 Hampdens, a Handley Page Hereford and 4 Avro Ansons. The squadron was absorbed into an OTU on 8 April 1940 before re-forming in Malta on 12 May 1941 as a fighter squadron. The squadron formed for a third time on 27 April 1941 on Malta, from "C" Flight of No.251 Squadron. The new unit operated the Hawker Hurricane for nearly a year, before the first Spitfires arrived early in 1942. The squadron took part in the fierce air battles that raged over Malta, suffering increasingly heavy losses late in 1942 when the Bf 109F arrived on Sicily, outclassing the Hurricane.
The arrival of the Spitfires restored the balance, and by the end of 1942 No.185 Squadron had gone onto the offensive, flying sweeps over Sicily, and then in July 1943 helping to support the Allied invasion of Sicily.
In July 1944 the squadron became one of two RAF Squadrons to join SAAF No 8 Wing. In February 1944 the first part of the squadron moved to Italy, operating from Grottaglie, and in August 1944 the entire squadron came back together at Perugia. For the rest of the war it operated as a fighter-bomber unit, supporting the Allied advance up the length of Italy. It disbanded on 14 August 1945.
Locations as part of the Italian campaign with SAAF 8 Wing:
21 February-2 August 1944: Detachment to Grottaglie
3-23 August 1944: Perugia
23 August-4 September 1944: Loreto
4-17 September 1944: Fano
17 September-7 October 1944: Borghetto
7 October-17 November 1944: Fano
17 November 1944-1 January 1945: Peretola
1 January-30 April 1945: Pontedera
30 April-16 May 1945: Villafranca
16 May-19 August 1945: Campoformido

Postwar period

The squadron reformed on 15 September 1951 at Hal Far, Malta and was equipped with Vampires. It moved to Iraq in October 1952 and it finally disbanded there on 1 May 1953.

Aircraft operated

FromToAircraftVariant
Nov 1918Apr 1919Sopwith Cuckoo
Mar 1938Jul 1938Hawker Hind
Jun 1938Jun 1939Fairey Battle
Jun 1939Apr 1940Handley Page Hampden
Aug 1939Apr 1940Handley Page Hereford
Aug 1939Apr 1940Avro AnsonI
Apr 1940May 1940Handley Page Hampden
May 1941Jun 1942Hawker HurricaneI
May 1941Jun 1942Hawker HurricaneIIA & IIC
May 1942Sep 1944Supermarine SpitfireVC
Jun 1943Jul 1944Supermarine SpitfireIX
Aug 1944Sep 1944Supermarine SpitfireVIII
Sep 1944Aug 1945Supermarine SpitfireIX
Mar 1945Apr 1945Supermarine SpitfireVIII
Sep 1951May 1953de Havilland VampireFB.5