A no-liability company in Australia is a company which, under the Corporations Act 2001, must have as its stated objects that it is solely a mining company and that it is not entitled to calls on the unpaid issue price of shares. It is a company which is restricted to mining activities and is the only sort of corporation which is entitled to this form of liability, given the sometimes financially risky business of mining. Most of the usual rules in the Act apply to no-liability companies, save that a mining company must adopt a constitution which states their objects as mining. No-liability companies should not be confused with the concept of limited liability. No-liability companies are differentiated from other companies as their shareholders are not liable to pay calls on unpaid shares. This differs from traditional company structure where the purchase of shares is a binding contract. Should the shareholder choose not to pay when there is a call, the shareholder forfeits both the unpaid and paid shares. This encourages investment in potentially risky mining ventures, as a shareholder with unpaid shares can choose to withdraw from the company with no legal consequences. A successful mining company usually converts to a limited liability company when advantageous.
Forfeiture
Shares upon which calls had not been paid were forfeit and offered for sale by auction after 14 days. Former owners could redeem their forfeited shares by paying the call and perhaps a fee to cover expenses.
Company names
Early on in the life of the No Liability system, such companies were identified as
ABC Mining
Then the "No Liability" tag took over, such as
ABC Mining
DEF Mining no liability
And finally
GHI Mining N.L.
The word "mining" does not have to appear in the name of the company. Oil exploration is a form of mining.
Ordinary mining and exploration companies could convert to No Liability status, subject to approval of shareholders and approval of creditors. This was particularly useful when NL status was first introduced. No Liability companies which discovered a payable deposit of ore would normally convert to Limited status as this facilitated the financing of that mine.
Stock exchange
Companies in Australia listed on the ASX have a three-character symbol. NL companies may have more than one class of contributing shares. A typical set of symbols might be:
