According to Penka, the first to propose a Nordic Urheimat, the primitive Indo-European people had to be sedentary farmers native of the north, formed without external interference since the Paleolithic. The presence of the term to indicate the copper in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European vocabulary would restrict the homeland in a culture of the late Neolithic or the Chalcolithic. Terms in favor of a northern location would be, among others, the ones to indicate the beech and the sea. Others, such as Kossinna, identified specifically the Chalcolithic Corded Ware culture with the Proto-Indo-Europeans. For Boettcher, the very first period of formation of the future proto-Indo-European peoples began in the late Paleolithic, when global warming, which followed the Wurm glaciation, allowed to the hunter-gatherers settled in the glacial shelters to repopulate northern Europe, now free of ices. They gave rise to archaeological manifestations such as the Hamburg culture and the Federmesser culture. In these areas of the north are common boreal phenomena apparently described in some Indo-European myths. These groups of hunters and fishermen are the basis of the next Maglemosian culture. The rising of the sea level in northern Europe caused the flooding of part of the territories occupied by Maglemosians and drove them south. The heirs of this culture developed the cultures of Ertebølle and Ellerbek. Boettcher compares their activities with those of the Vikings of the following millenniums. They are described as a developing warrior society, which deals with trade and piracy, going up the rivers to raid the lands occupied by the Danubian farmers of the southern plains, subduing them and become their leaders. The fusion of these two populations gave rise to the so-called Funnelbeaker culture, extended from the Netherlands to north-western Ukraine, which would be the original habitat of the first Indo-Europeans. For Jean Haudry, "The Neolithic Funnelbecker culture agrees well with the traditional image of the Indo-European peoples confirmed by linguistic paleontology: in this culture there are simultaneously breeding and plant cultivation, the horse, the wagon and the battle-axe, fortifications and signs of a hierarchically organized society". The first Indo-European culture would be then a synthesis of the Ertebølle culture and the final stages of the Linear Pottery culture. This prehistoric fusion of two different populations would explain some common myths to the Indo-European mythology that were studied by Georges Dumezil, such as the Rape of the Sabines in Rome and the war between the Aesir and Vanir of Norse mythology, which would show the union between warrior groups and groups of producers/farmers. Later cultures, such as the Globular Amphora culture and the Corded Ware culture, would represent the expansion of the Indo-Europeans from their original locations in the North European Plain toward Russia and Asia. Similar movements of Nordic populations would have radiated from Northern Europe to Western and Southern Europe, including Anatolia, between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
