North Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. North Kalimantan borders the Malaysian states of Sabah to the north and Sarawak to the west, and by the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan to the south. Tanjung Selor serves as the capital of the province, while Tarakan is the largest city and the financial centre. North Kalimantan covers 72,275.12 square kilometres and consists of four regencies and one city. Statistics Indonesia estimated its population at 695,562 as of mid 2019, making it the least populous province in Indonesia. Formed on 25 October 2012, it is the youngest province in Indonesia. North Kalimantan was separated from the province of East Kalimantan to reduce development disparity and Malaysia's influence over the territory.
History
North Kalimantan used to be a territory of the HinduKingdom of Kutai. It was later subjugated by waves of Islamic invasions, during when the Brunei and Kutai were battling for hegemony over Borneo. The territory fell into the hands of Brunei and after agreements were made with the Sultanate of Sulu, the territory officially came under Sulu control. When Western countries arrived in the area, the Dutch subjugated the natives while the Spanish attacked the capital of Sulu in the north. The territory then came into Dutch possession until Indonesia became independent.
Transport
also known as Juwata International Airport on the eponymous island serves the province, as well as an international ferry port with services to Malaysia from Tawau. There are no international land crossings – entrance into the mainland of the province is by ferry from Tarakan or by road from the south. Large stretches of the roads in this province are of unpaved muddy ditches. The airport area and runway is also shared with Suharnoko Harbani Air Force Base,a Type A airbase of the TNI-AU. The airbase is named after the former Minister of Industry of Indonesia, Suharnoko Harbani, who was also formerly an Air Force officer. Formed in 2006, the establishment of this air base is essentially part of the strategy and efforts to realize the defense of the country from the potential and development of threats that will threaten the Indonesia as well as the organization's demands from the Air Force Operations Command II in Makassar to facilitate control of its duties. Before the formation of the Air Base, there was already an Indonesian Air Force post which was under the Balikpapan Air Force Base but due to the development of situation and tension with Malaysia in Ambalat, the leadership of the Air Force decided to form a new airbase. Due to the airport is used both by military and civil aviation, so the apron is also used together. In July 2014, the airport authority initials to build 183 meters taxiway to the military apron which can accommodate 4 Sukhoi and 2 Hercules together and the project is predicted to be finished in December 2014. Kalimantan Tollroad was finished at the early of 2019 by President Joko Widodo. The route connects Pontianak – West Kalimantan to Tanjung Selor, the capital city of North Kalimantan.
Administrative divisions
North Kalimantan is divided into four regencies and one city :
Ethnicity in North Kalimantan consists of Dayaks and Javanese, with a significant population of the Tidung, Bulungan, Suluk, Banjarese, Murut, Lun Bawang / Lun Dayeh, and the other ethnic groups which exist in the province.
